The very large cells of the marine green alga Valonia macrophysa permit one to obtain several cubic centimeters of fluid from the central vacuole of a single cell (cf. Wodehouse, 1917), without involving appreciable alteration in the composition of the cell-sap through protoplasmic 'injury during the process of extraction (cf. Chambers, 1917). Estimations have been made of the acidity of this c...

glucose. The influence of the solution acidity on the deconstruction of Miscanthus giganteus was examined by varying the 1-butylimidazole to sulfuric acid ratio. Increased acidity led to shorter preteatment times and resulted in reduced hemicellulose content in the pulp. Addition of water to the ionic liquid resulted in enhanced saccharification yields. The ability to tune acidity through the u...

Three main, interrelated reasons for widespread digestive disorders in the modern world might be chronic metabolic acidosis, low exocrine pancreatic function, and intestinal dysbiosis. Chronic metabolic acidosis mainly distresses two alkaline digestive glands: the liver and pancreas, which secrete alkaline bile and pancreatic juice with a great amount of bicarbonate. The acidic shift in the bil...

The minerals from which a soil is formed partly determine whether it is acid or alkaline. Soils formed from acidic rocks have a lower pH than those formed from basic rocks or alkaline parent material. Rainfall affects soil acidity development by leaching basic elements such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium from the soil profile, leaving the acidic elements: hydrogen, aluminum and ma...

Two complementary models of Lewis molecular acidity are introduced and tested in a wide series of 45 room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL). They are defined in the context of the conceptual density functional theory. The first one, which we tentatively call the excess electronic chemical potential, assesses the electron accepting power of the RTIL by relating the H-bond donor acidity with the c...

Lakes developing in former coal mine pits are often characterized by high concentrations of sulfate and iron and low pH. The review focuses on the causes for and fate of acidity in these lakes and their watersheds. Acidification is primarily caused by the generation of ferrous iron bearing and mineralized groundwater, transport through the groundwater-surface water interface, and subsequent iro...

-Existing methods of measuring atmospheric aerosol strong acidity adequately prevent neutralization of fine-particle acidity by removing coarse alkaline particles and gaseous ammonia from air samples. However, these techniques do not consider particle interactions on the collection medium; therefore, they may still underestimate the actual aerosol acidity. Assessment of acid neutralization due ...

Here is proposed a new hypothesis where acidity, evoked by stress, has an important role in the generator mechanism of atherosclerotic lesions, giving a new perspective for the understanding of its etiology and pathogenesis. The acidity theory of atherosclerosis is inside the response to injury concept. It has the following sequence of events: I. Sympathetic dominance by continuous stress plus ...

The significance of acetone bodies in the urine subsequent to surgical operations has long been the cause of controversy and is not as yet settled. It is now well recognised that ketone bodies are not necessarily associated with acidosis. Although a ketosis usually accompanies an acidosis, the reverse is by no means the case. Despite the fact that a true acidosisa lepletion of the alkali reserv...

In previous papers we reported the results of studies of gastric function carried out by means of a standard alcohol test meal (1). The work had two objectives: first, to investigate the diagnostic value of "gastric analysis" and second, to obtain information about certain questions of physiology of the stomach. The present report deals with the relations of gastric acidity to various factors s...