A dinuclear N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) copper complex efficiently catalyzes azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) "click" reactions. The ancillary ligand comprises two 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene units and an ethylene linker. The three-step preparation of the complex from commercially available starting compounds is more straightforward and cost-efficient than that of the previously descr...

Earthworm serine protease is more stable and is less affected by organic solvents and detergent than other proteases. However, it is inactivated, probably by autolysis, at 60 degrees C or above under alkaline conditions. Further stabilization was managed by chemical modification of the enzyme with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and phenylglyoxal to protect the activity from the a...

4-Aza-6-nitrobenzofuroxan (ANBF) reacts with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and other CH acids to give carbon-bonded 1,4-adducts - 1,4-dihydropyridines fused with furoxan ring. In the case of most acidic β-diketones, which exist mainly in the enol form in polar solvents, the reactions proceed in the absence of any added base emphasizing the highly electrophilic character of ANBF. The resulting compou...

The heme of hydrogen peroxide-dependent cytochrome P450BSb (P450BSb) was removed by apomyoglobin under mild conditions to give apo-P450BSb without the need for acidic conditions and organic solvents. The circular dichroism spectrum of the apo-P450BSb was essentially identical to that of holo-P450BSb, showing a small structural change resulting from the removal of heme using apomyoglobin. The ap...

Large portions of rice bran protein cannot be solubilized by mild solvents, but endoprotease use increases protein recovery. Bran was treated with 2 commercial proteases to achieve 8% to 9% peptide bond hydrolysis. The exoplus endprotease was preferred to just using endopeptidases as it allowed the production of protein hydrolysates with enhanced functional properties. Solubility and emulsifica...

A protective polydopamine (PDA) coating is applied to core-shell microcapsule surfaces by the polymerization of dopamine monomers. A neutral aqueous solution and the addition of an oxidant (i.e., ammonium persulfate) are crucial for microcapsule survival and the initiation of PDA polymerization, respectively. The resulting PDA coating is a dense and uniform layer approximately 50 nm thick. The ...

Neutral anion receptors working in highly demanding solvents are new materials being sought. Benzopyrroles are more acidic than amides and pyrrole itself, and are promising building blocks in the design of host compounds. A whole series of receptors based upon benzopyrroles were synthesized and evaluated. They include carbazole, dipyrrolonaph thalene, and 7-aminoindole-based hosts. Most of them...

The adsorption and desorption properties of trans-Resveratrol (Res) on the cellulose cotton were investigated under various conditions, such as the pH, alcohol percentage, temperature and equilibrium times. Moreover, the acidic-dissociation constants were determined to be pKa1 = 8.01, pKa2 = 9.86 and pKa3 = 10.5 by a curve-fitting method. Also, it was found that the adsorption depended on the t...

A new UPLC-based untargeted lipidomic approach using a qTOF hybrid mass spectrometer is introduced. The applied binary gradient enables separations of lipid species including constitutional isomeric compounds and low abundant lipid classes such as phosphatidic acid (PA). Addition of phosphoric acid to the solvents improves peak shapes for acidic phospholipids. MS(E) scans allow simultaneous acq...

This study measured the solvent retention capacities (SRCs) of flours from eight oat varieties and one wheat variety against different solvents to explore the swelling volume of oat flour with different solvents, and thus provide a theoretical basis for quick β-glucan analysis. The SRC profile consists of water SRC (WSRC), 50% sucrose SRC (SSRC), 5% lactic acid SRC (LASRC), 5% Na₂CO₃ SRC (SCASR...