Acid whey (AW) has become a significant challenge for the dairy industry because of large quantity produced and difficulty in further processing economical disposal. This study investigated feasibility spray drying AW using millet flour as encapsulating wall material examined effect different concentrations on physio-functional properties newly developed acid (AWM) powders. The results showed t...

BACKGROUND Recently, enterovirus 71 (EV71) has caused life-threatening outbreaks involving neurological and cardiopulmonary complications in Asian children with unknown mechanism. EV71 has one single serotype but can be phylogenetically classified into 3 main genogroups (A, B and C) and 11 genotypes (A, B1∼B5 and C1∼C5). In Taiwan, nationwide EV71 epidemics with different predominant genotypes ...

Of 19 Rhizopus spp. only four produced L-lactic acid in shake-flask culture. Aerobically and in the presence of a neutralizing agent, Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 395 produced the highest concentration of L-lactic acid (65 g/l) but with O2-limited growth ethanol was produced instead.

Bio-succinic acid production using microorganisms has been interesting as an environmentally friendly process. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) was considered a cheap substrate to lower the cost of production. It revealed that 2-fold diluted POME produced more succinic than undiluted and 5-fold POME. In addition, effects various neutralizing agents on utilized manage pH CO2 supply indicated utiliz...

conclusions gp55 of human cmv is considered as an important candidate for immunotherapy. in this study, we selected three specific clones against gp55. the scfvs reacted only with the corresponding peptide in a positive elisa. the scfv2 with 68.8% neutralizing effect showed the potential to be considered for prophylaxis and treatment of cmv infections, especially in solid organ transplant recip...

background: nanoparticles have been considered as promising tools because of their high applicability. recently, nanoparticles have been evaluated for their ability to increase the immune responses as adjuvants. silver-nanoparticles (agnps) have shown promising results in enhancing th-2 immune responses and to produce potent neutralizing antibodies. neutralizing antibodies are considered as the...

Mining activities specifically Coal have been long testified to be one of the major contributing factors environmental crisis, with Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) as leading indicators. The purpose this study was assess potential AMD generation from neutralized coal mining tailings. In order achieve ultimate objective study, analysis chemical composition and mineral content tailings using XRF (X-Ray ...

The viral envelope glycoproteins are essential for entry into their host cells and studied extensively for designing vaccines. We hypothesize that the glycosylation on the HIV-1 viral envelope glycoprotein 41(gp41) at critical residues offers viral escape from the specific immune surveillant neutralizing antibodies Z13, 4E10 and 10E8 targeted to their linear epitopes in the Membrane Proximal Ex...

Acids are either “strong” or “weak.” This relates to the amount of free hydrogen ions in the solution of a given concentration. Thus, nitric acid is a strong acid, since all of the nitric-acid molecules are dissociated into active hydrogen ions and nitrate ions. However, acetic acid is a weak acid. A solution of acetic acid of the same molar concentration as nitric acid would have a very differ...