Aldosterone is classically associated with the regulation of salt and potassium homeostasis but has also profound effects on acid-base balance. During acidosis, circulating aldosterone levels are increased and the hormone acts in concert with angiotensin II and other factors to stimulate renal acid excretion. Pharmacological blockade of aldosterone action as well as inherited or acquired syndro...

An assessment of the acid-base state of blood and, by inference, that of the body, is important in recognizing the effects of many disorders of respiratory, cardiovascular and metabolic function, in assessing their severity and in determining any necessary therapy. In making an assessment many students may now become confused for two reasons. First, the introduction of the S.I. system of units ...