due to its complexity and destructive nature, convection has been subject of many studies and researches among weather phenomena throughout the world. scientists have attempted for decades to generate different types of models to provide the possibility of abating or, at least, reducing convective weather phenomena effects on people’s lives. in south or southwest of iran, people are familiar wi...

The meteorological satellite, GEO-KOMPSAT-2A, is being prepared to take over the role of COMS (Communications, Ocean, Meteorological Satellite) in Korea. GEO-KOMPSAT-2A is going to equip with advanced meteorological imager exhibiting high-performance and collect a variety of meteorological data. It also will be a satellite including space weather sensors like Medium-energy Particle Detector. Th...

E very day, the U.S. weather enterprise collectively disseminates numerous weather forecasts to the U.S. public through various media. Considering the range of forecasts generated at a variety of spatial and temporal scales, the array of forecast providers and communication channels, and the size and diversity of the U.S. population, this equates to an enormous volume and multiplicity of inform...

Methane emissions from natural gas production areas are subject to large uncertainties at regional scales. Top-down methodologies offer an integrated approach to monitor these emissions but highly depend on the quality of the atmospheric model used to relate the surface emissions to the observed atmospheric concentrations. Using continuous measurements of in-situ CH4 and C2H6 mixing ratios from...

Many aspects of human societies, such as food production, water availability and management, health, energy production and consumption etc., depend critically on climate variability and change. While some countries have the resources and infrastructure necessary to respond to the variability of climate, others are more vulnerable, to the point that large climate anomalies and extremes can cause...

An automated Fourier Transform Spectroscopic (FTS) solar observatory was established in Darwin, Australia in August 2005. The laboratory is part of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network, and measures atmospheric column abundances of CO2 and O2 and other gases. Measured CO2 columns were calibrated against integrated aircraft profiles obtained during the TWP-ICE campaign in January– February ...

BACK GROUND: Bluetongue virus (BTV) is recognized to infect ruminants all around the world, and its prevalence mainly depends on the BTV situation, vectors distribution, weather patterns and susceptibility of the host. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to draw a correlation between the prevalence of BTV antibodies and climate changes in Iranian Azerbaijan Province. METHODS: Sera samples...

The characteristics of the SST data will depend on how the measurements were made. Most of the SST measurements in the period 1970 to 1997 were made using either a bucket and thermometer or by reporting the temperature of the engine intake cooling water. A smaller number of reports were made using hull sensors which are thought to be more accurate. ICOADS contains a metadata flag giving the met...