the principle of party-disposition (or what is called “le principe dispositif” in the french law) is one of the guiding principles for civil trial. according to this principle, the civil proceeding is regarded as the parties’s thing, so they can make any disposition on their proceeding, inter alia they are be able to commence and terminate it, determine the matters of fact and finally judge is ...

an action resulting from an object like human's damaging action can cause liability for those who possess them. the french civil law at its approval time (1804) had not predicted this principle and just in articles 1385, 1386, the liability of damages resulting from two types of objects, i.e. animals and buildings due to imposing great damages by them had been predicted by french law. howe...

the civil sanction is one of the most important sanctions for protecting copyright. in french law a special action named counterfeit action is predicted, which not only compensate the damages but also it has a preventive effect. this action doesn't require the proving of the fault and the lawsuit can be done by the author and the person who is awareded the exclusive licence. in this legal ...

according to the civil code, article 663 every action accomplished out of his authority by agents among them the governmental managers is ineffective. but operating this article with respect to governmental contracts especially those which concern to act of state (act jure empirii) creates undesirable effects and make the people distrust to the government and spoil the rights of the persons of ...

a continually absent person is “a person which is almost a long time laps from his absence and there is not any news behalf him” (article 1011 of civil code). the rules and effects of absence of continually absent person which chapter fifth of civil code specified to it, are mostly derived from jurisprudence, and in fact the base of civil code in this part is emamie jurisprudence. absence of ab...