The Quine/Putnam indispensability approach to the confirmation of mathematical theories in recent times has been the subject of significant criticism. In this paper I explore an alternative to the Quine/Putnam indispensability approach. I begin with a van Fraassen-like distinction between accepting the adequacy of a mathematical theory and believing in the truth of a mathematical theory. Finall...

Accepting truth-value realism can seem to raise an explanatory problem: what can explain our accuracy about mathematics, i.e., the match between human psychology and objective mathematical facts? A range of current truth-value realist philosophies of mathematics allow one to reduce this access problem to a problem of explaining our accuracy about which mathematical practices are coherent – in a...

We describe a methodology for evaluating algorithms to provide quantitative information about how well road detection and road following algorithms perform. The approach relies on generating a set of standard data sets annotated with ground truth. We evaluate the algorithms used to detect roads by comparing the output of the algorithms with ground truth, which we obtain by having humans annotat...

The fundamental proposal in this article is that logical formulas of the form (f ↔ ¬f) are not contradictions, and that formulas of the form (t ↔ t) are not tautologies. Such formulas, wherever they appear in mathematics, are instead reason to conclude that f and t have a third truth value, different from true and false. These formulas are circular definitions of f and t. We can interpret the i...

How does knowledge of real-world events shape our understanding of incoming language? Do temporal terms like "before" and "after" impact the online recruitment of real-world event knowledge? These questions were addressed in two ERP experiments, wherein participants read sentences that started with "before" or "after" and contained a critical word that rendered each sentence true or false (e.g....

Consider the statement: J= ‘This statement is false.’ If J is true then J states that J is false. If J is false then J states that J is true. Thus we can write J = Not J. One might shun such a statement, but perhaps there is a way to deal with it. One solution that has been proposed is to say that J has a new kind of truth value, neither true nor false, and to devise a logic with more than two ...

format The abstract should be 500 to 1000 words long, and contain Methods and Experiments sections. The Methods section should contain a short overview of the proposed method, in sufficient detail to understand how the method works. If a commercial system is used a method description is not necessary, but the exact name of the system and version number need to be provided. The Experiments secti...

Impurism says that practical factors encroach on knowledge. An important version of impurism is called ‘Threshold-Impurism,’ which the threshold rational credence must pass in order for one to have A prominent kind argument Threshold-Impurism so-called ‘principle-based argument,’ relies a principle fallibilism and knowledge-action principle. This paper offers new challenge against Threshold-Imp...

It is often said that ‘belief aims at truth’. This is presented sometimes as a truism, sometimes as capturing an essential and constitutive feature of belief and of inquiry. It is a truism that to believe something is to believe that it is true, and that in this sense beliefs are directed towards truth. It is also a truism that we aim at having true beliefs rather than false ones, and that in t...