Ancestral genome reconstruction is an important step in analyzing the evolution of genomes. Recent progress in sequencing ancient DNA led to the publication of so-called paleogenomes and allows the integration of this sequencing data in genome evolution analysis. However, the assembly of ancient genomes is fragmented because of DNA degradation over time. Integrated phylogenetic assembly address...

neurilemmomas are benign tumors of peripheral nerve sheath schwann cells. one of the variants of neurilemmoma is the ancient type of neurilemmoma characterized by degenerative features such as cystic degeneration, calcification, hemorrhage and hyalinization which could be easily misdiagnosed. their occurrence in oral cavity is extremely rare and intraosseous type occurring in maxilla is exceedi...

The lion-bull iconography during the Achaemenian period of ancient Persia has generated different theories of astronomicaland seasonal events besides the suggestions that it could be the symbol of the time cycle of the day, with lion representingthe sun and bull the night. However, the present paper draws the reader’s attention to the hitherto unexplored angle ofzoology to understand physiognom...

The timing of divergent events in history is one of the central goals of contemporary evolutionary biology. Such studies are however dependent on accurate evolutionary rates. Recent developments in ancient DNA analysis enable the estimation of more accurate evolutionary rates and therefore more accurate timing of divergence events. Consequently, this leads to a better understanding of changes i...

Although the last few years have seen great progress in DNA sequence retrieval from fossil specimens, some of the characteristics of ancient DNA remain poorly understood. This is particularly true for blocking lesions, i.e. chemical alterations that cannot be bypassed by DNA polymerases and thus prevent amplification and subsequent sequencing of affected molecules. Some studies have concluded t...

Rockfish (Sebastes spp.) are a common marine fish in nearshore and continental shelf environments in the North Pacific Ocean. They are frequently identified in coastal archaeological sites in western North America; however, the morphological similarity of rockfish species limits conventional zooarchaeological identifications to the genus level. This study applies ancient DNA analysis to 96 arch...

All rings are commutative with identity and all modules are unitary. In this note we give some properties of a finite collection of submodules such that the sum of any two distinct members is multiplication, generalizing those which characterize arithmetical rings. Using these properties we are able to give a concise proof of Patrick Smith’s theorem stating conditions ensuring that the sum and ...

Studies of ancient DNA specimens started 25 years ago. At that time short mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragments were the main targets in ancient DNA studies. The last three years were especially productive in the development of new methods of DNA purification and analysis. Complete mtDNA molecules and relatively large fragments of nuclear DNA are the targets of ancient DNA studies today. Ancient ...