The focus of this article is to provide first approachs to a possible key solution representation and construction of legal norms, especially the national patent law norms. A semantic-system based on these approaches, complementary to the FSTP/IES-Expert system, would aim at (semi)-automatically translating the parts of the notion legal certainty from its natural language non procedural present...

This paper gives double angle theorems that bound the change in an invariant subspace of an indeenite Hermitian matrix in the graded form H = D AD subject to a perturbation H ! e H = D (A + A)D. These theorems extend recent results on a deenite Hermitian matrix in the graded form (Linear Algebra Appl., 311 (2000), 45{60) but the bounds here are more complicated in that they depend on not only r...

A system of autonomous agents may exhibit undesirable or ineffective behavior if no form of regulation is imposed. Norms, describing how agents should ideally behave, can be used to address this issue if agents are able to reason about norms and adapt their behavior to comply with them (if they choose to do so). Assuming that which norms will have to be followed is unknown at design time, it is...

Abstract. In 1990 the second author constructed a basis for the centre of the Hecke algebra of the symmetric group Sn over Q[ξ] using norms [13]. An integral “minimal” basis was later given by the first author in 1999 [5], following [9]. In principle one can then write elements of the norm basis as integral linear combinations of minimal basis elements. In this paper we find an explicit non-rec...

Abstract Much of the analysis of international norms has focused on norm diffusion at the systemic level. This study argues that such analyses based on neorealism, neoliberal institutionalism, and constructivism have two major shortcomings. One is that they pay much attention to successful cases of norm diffusion but neglect failed ones. The other is that they fail to examine the linkage betwee...