نتایج جستجو برای: absolute risk reduction
تعداد نتایج: 1459675 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
BACKGROUND Uncertainty and risk are central issues in relation to health and health care services. Healthy individuals do not necessarily fall ill, despite the presence of risk factors. It has been documented that doctors, health service administrators and patients are more inclined to choose interventions against risk factors when information about the effects is presented in terms of relative...
BACKGROUND After breast-conserving surgery, radiotherapy reduces recurrence and breast cancer death, but it may do so more for some groups of women than for others. We describe the absolute magnitude of these reductions according to various prognostic and other patient characteristics, and relate the absolute reduction in 15-year risk of breast cancer death to the absolute reduction in 10-year ...
BACKGROUND Condom use and antiretroviral therapy (ART) are effective means to prevent and control HIV transmission. We aimed to assess the effect of condom use in combination with antiretroviral therapy (ART) on HIV incidence and mortality among men who had sex with men (MSM) in Beijing, China. METHODS We evaluated the effect of condom use, ART, and the combination of both among people living...
OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of interventions to prevent delirium in hospitalized patients. DATA SOURCES Two databases, MEDLINE and CINAHL, were searched for relevant articles published from January 1966 to May 1995 and from January 1982 to May 1995 respectively. The bibliographies of identified articles were searched for additional references. STUDY SELECTION Ten articles met t...
T he number needed to treat, that is, the average number of patients a clinician needs to treat with a particular therapy to prevent one bad outcome, 1 is a translation into clinical terms of the absolute risk reduction derived from a trial. Most clinicians are aware that very small absolute risk reductions translate into large numbers needed to treat, which often helps them to distinguish stat...
PURPOSE 5-Hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonists (5-HT(3) antagonists) are effective for preventing acute chemotherapy-induced emesis but the benefits of continuing administration of these agents beyond 24 hours after chemotherapy (delayed emesis) remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to provide estimates of clinical efficacy and drug acquisition cost associated with administering 5-H...
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of helicopter transport with survival of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), in comparison with ground emergency medical services (EMS). BACKGROUND Helicopter utilization and its effect on the outcomes of TBI remain controversial. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study involving patients with TBI who were registered in the National...
The bloodstream infection mortality risk score (BSIMRS) predicts the outcome of patients with Gram-negative bloodstream infections (BSI) with high discrimination. This retrospective cohort study examined the impact of inappropriate antimicrobial therapy on mortality in adult patients with Gram-negative BSI admitted to Palmetto Health Hospitals in Columbia, SC, USA, from 1 January 2011 to 31 Dec...
PURPOSE The balance of benefits and harms in prostate cancer screening has not been sufficiently characterized. We related indicators of mortality reduction and overdetection by center within the European Randomized Study of Prostate Cancer Screening (ERSPC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed the absolute mortality reduction expressed as number needed to invite (NNI = 1/absolute risk reduction;...
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