World-wide studies on multi-junction (tandem) solar cells have led to record-breaking improvements in conversion efficiencies year after year. To obtain detailed and proper feedback for solar-cell design and fabrication, it is necessary to establish standard methods for diagnosing subcells in fabricated tandem devices. Here, we propose a potential standard method to quantify the detailed subcel...

Patterns are the key building blocks in the logical analysis of data (LAD). It has been observed in empirical studies and practical applications that some patterns are more “suitable” than others for use in LAD. In this paper, we model various such suitability criteria as partial preorders defined on the set of patterns. We introduce three such preferences, and describe patterns which are Paret...

The H. 264/AVC offer many coding tools that give higher compression ratio compared to earlier standards. These tools increase the computational complexity of the motion estimation. In this paper, we have presented a computationally efficient method to speed up the search process by minimizing the computational load on general full search. The proposed method is having two phases, wherein the fi...

For High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) using block-based prediction, the discrete cosine transform (DCT), and quantization, a large number of DCT coefficients in a transform block (TB) are commonly found to be quantized to zero. A two-dimensional transform in HEVC is usually implemented by first applying a butterfly-based one-dimensional (1D) DCT to each row of the residual block, followed by ...

This paper investigates the effects of inequality in the presence of voluntary risk-sharing. In any period, an agent’s resources are composed of his share of a secure endowment (wealth, land) and a random component (labor income). To be sure, the distribution of wealth does not affect the Pareto optimal payoff vectors but, by changing the autarchic utilities, affects the set of these payoff vec...

Denitrification is a process that reduces nitrogen levels in headwaters and other streams. We compared nirS and nirK abundances with the absolute rate of denitrification, the longitudinal coefficient of denitrification (i.e., Kden, which represents optimal denitrification rates at given environmental conditions), and water quality in seven prairie streams to determine if nir-gene abundances exp...

In previous studies of saccadic targeting, the issue how visually guided saccades to unambiguous targets are programmed and executed has been examined. These studies have found different degrees of guidance for saccades depending on the task and task difficulty. In this study, we use ideal-observer analysis to estimate the visual information used for the first saccade during a search for a targ...

this paper deals with new method for designing the tuned mass dampers (tmd) with considering both transient and steady state responses, simultaneously. this formulation is presented for undamped vibrations. for this purpose, the absolute value of the structural displacement ratio is minimized numerically. this procedure leads to optimum value of tmd's specifications. for numerical verification,...