the present article on the ancient science of medicine, studies on one hand the emergence of this science and on the other hand its development and compilation. the article also researches the development of medicine in islam, muslim medics and islamic universities in which this science has been taught. finally the article discusses the history of medicine after the emergence of islam in iran.

The Old Testament account in 1 Samuel 28 of how the Woman or Witch Endor apparently raised spirit prophet has been a matter much theological debate for many centuries. Hundreds scholarly articles have also written about it with regard to its significance Biblical exegesis from late antiquity early modern period. Yet very little research done on religious and cultural story age folklorist. This ...

Introduction Breast cancer is an ancient disease and was described by the Egyptians 3000 years before Christ. Subsequently various articles about breast cancer and its treatment were written by Greek and Roman physicians. Surgery is the oldest method of treating breast cancer with diVerent operations described which sometimes reXected beliefs held about its causes and natural history. However, ...

Recent precise observations of solar global parameters are used to calibrate an upgraded solar model which takes into account magnetic fields in the solar interior. Historical data about sunspot numbers (from 1500 to the present) and solar radius changes (between 1715 and 1979) are used to compute solar variability on years to centuries timescales. The results show that although the 11 year var...

In Islamic culture, dome continues its ancient representation when it becomes a clear epitome of Islamic substantial creation of the universe. Islamic signs such as center, circle and sphere which are inherently dome are immediately realized via a symbolic transfer. Although domes have unavoidable relationship with other elements signifying Iranian mosques form and function, it includes secrets...