SURFACTANT PROTEIN A (SP-A), a 35,000-molecular weight glycoprotein characterized by collagen and lectin domains, is the most abundant surfactant-associated protein in the lung (25). SP-A is a member of the collectin family of innate immune proteins, i.e., a calcium-dependent, pattern recognition molecule that binds to carbohydrate modifications on pathogens (1). SP-A aggregates and facilitates...

Gluten content from barley, rye, wheat and in certain oat varieties, must be avoid in individuals with celiac disease. In most of the Western countries, the level of gluten content in food to be considered as gluten-free products is below 20 parts per million measured by ELISA based on specific anti-gluten peptide antibody. However, in beverages or food suffering complex hydrolytic processes as...

APOBEC3s (A3s) are single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminases that provide innate immune defences against retroviruses and mobile elements. A3s are specific to eutherian mammals because no direct homologs exist at the syntenic genomic locus in metatherian (marsupial) or prototherian (monotreme) mammals. However, the A3s in these species have the likely evolutionary precursors, the antibody gene de...

Objective: To study the effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and anti-TNF-α Monoclonal Antibody (McAb) in myocardial injury of rats with traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Methods: Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the control group (A1 group), lactate Ringer's solution resuscitation group (A2 group) and anti-TNF-αMcAb resuscitation group (A3 group). A k...

Objective: To determine the prevalence of A1 and A2 subgroups blood group A in healthy donors northern Pakistan.
 Study Design: Cross sectional study.
 Place Duration Study: Armed Forces Institute Transfusion, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Sep to Dec 2017.
 Methodology: The samples reported during study period at Transfusion were collected. ABO typing was performed those AB further s...

Brain metastases derived from abdominal neuroblastoma are an uncommon complication of this tumour; however, an increase in their occurrence has recently been reported. In the present study, we have investigated the influence of factors derived from central nervous system glial cells on the proliferation of human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) in vitro. Co-culture experiments show that a 24-h exp...

Two isoforms of arginase, A1 and A2, were found in rat liver, submaxillary gland and kidney as well as beef kidney. In beef liver, however, A2 was the only detectable form. Two additional forms, A3 and A4, found only in rat kidney were probably artifactitious. A1 and A2 exhibited chromatographic and immunological microheterogeneity. While A1 in rat liver and submaxillary gland was excluded by D...

Collagen VI is abundant in the arterial subendothelium. To investigate its mechanism of interaction with von Willebrand factor (vWF), collagen VI was isolated from human placenta and from the extracellular matrix of the human lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5. Purified vWF bound to non-digested collagen VI with moderately high affinity (EC50 approximately 5 nM) and could be inhibited by the Hirud...