We present a new put option where the holder enjoys the early exercise feature of American options whereupon his payoff (deliverable immediately) is the ‘best prediction’ of the European payoff under the hypothesis that the true drift of the stock price equals a contract drift. Inherent in this is a protection feature which is key to the British put option. Should the option holder believe the ...

Every novel cooperative arrangement of mutually suspicious parties interacting electronically — every smart contract — effectively requires a new cryptographic protocol. However, if every new contract requires new cryptographic protocol design, our dreams of cryptographically enabled electronic commerce would be unreachable. Cryptographic protocol design is too hard and expensive, given our unl...

Alongside the British put option [11] we present a new call option where the holder enjoys the early exercise feature of American options whereupon his payoff (deliverable immediately) is the ‘best prediction’ of the European payoff under the hypothesis that the true drift of the stock price equals a contract drift. Inherent in this is a protection feature which is key to the British call optio...

although the subject of a lease contract is the benefits of property, according to the gradual essence of the benefits, the delivery is also possible in a gradual manner after coming into existence. therefore, the delivery of the benefits is under the general rule of delivery. this means that the loss and defect after the delivery is not considered as loss and defect after the handing in of and...

We study options on short-term leases for capital-intensive equipment performing specific functions and services, such as leases for semi-submersible drilling rigs, marine seismic services, corporate real estate leasing, retail space leasing, and apartment leasing. We quantify the effect of an important factor in pricing options on these services: idle time between consecutive lease contracts. ...

option of defect is one of common options between sale and rent contracts, however, it has special rules and conditions in those contracts. in the sale contracts, any defect in the sold or bought thing causes the victim has option of defect but in the rent contracts, only the defect creates option of defect that causes hardship in using of goods or reducing of benefits. in the sale, defect of s...