over seven decades ago, as the result of endeavors of a group of leading literary and scientific figures the farhangestan-e-awwal (first academy of iran) was established in may 1935 and its activity continued until 1953. presented here is a brief historical account of the establishment of the first academy of iran as well as a look at the biographical sketches of physicians at the academy.

hodbat-ibn-khashram was from ozreh tribe. information about him and his poetry can be rarely found in sources. the only findings are about his arguments with his cousin ziyadat. ibn khashram was the one who had started this struggle which caused him to kill ziyadat. for this reason, their tribes fought each other as well and finally he was hanged. in their struggle, at first, ziyadat cursed at ...

It is very important that authors should present and discuss scientific data in an accurate, ethical and honest way. [1] Plagiarism is one of the very important problems which have been plaguing literature, art and science since times immemorial. According to Oxford dictionary of literary terms, 'plagiarism' is "the theft of ideas or of written passages or works, where these are passed off as o...

Literary pedagogy occupied a privileged place in Bourdieu’s early work on education insofar as he saw it as exemplifying in unconscious mode socially segregational dynamics. Bourdieu’s expressly ‘reductionist’ critique was uncannily mirrored, however, by the spread of more economically instrumental approaches to education. Bourdieu’s engagement with these led him to develop a fuller apprehensio...

Cruickshank and Collins [2] ‘Advancing Leadership in Sport: Time to Take Off the Blinkers?’ has created something of a furore around the effectiveness and suitability of dark leadership traits and behaviours. This paper attempts to clarify some of the conceptual issues discussed within their paper, while also redressing a number of literary misrepresentations. Finally, the potential limitations...

Applying machine translation (MT) to literary texts involves the same domain shift challenges that arise for any sublanguage (e.g. medical or scientific). However, it also introduces additional challenges. One focus in the discussion of translation theory in the humanities has been on the human translator’s role in staying faithful to an original text versus adapting it to make it more familiar...

This definitive history of helminthology concludes with portraits and short biographical sketches of the main authors cited. Were it not ungrateful to ask for more, one might have welcomed a few likenesses of the protagonists, the helminths, in addition to the guinea worm and victim on the cover. Dr Grove himself calls his book a "labour of love". His readers might call it an invaluable work of...