The Square Coloring of a graph G refers to coloring vertices such that any two distinct which are at distance most receive different colors. In this paper, we initiate the study related problem called subset square graphs. Broadly, studies dominating set using q Here aim is optimize number colors used. This also generalizes well-studied Efficient Dominating Set problem. We show $$q$$ -Subset NP...

The medicinal uses of saffron, the dried stigmas of Crocus sativus L., have very long history in food coloring agent, and flavoring agent as well as traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases. Crocus sativus is rich in carotenoids that affect immunity. This review summarizes the putative immunoregulatory effects of saffron and its active its derivatives including crocin, croceti...

The Robust Coloring Problem (RCP) is a generalization of the well-known Graph Coloring Problem where we seek for a solution that remains valid when extra edges are added. The RCP is used in scheduling of events with possible last-minute changes and study frequency assignments of the electromagnetic spectrum. This problem has been proved as NP-hard and in instances larger than 30 vertices, meta-...

Network Science has reported a considerable amount of human-subject experiments on which individuals have to carry out different kind of coordination games such as coloring and consensus problems in order to observe the behavioral dynamics behind the decision-making process. We have focused on the experiments carried out by Kearns (Kearns, 2010) on which were found strong correlations between t...

For a given graph G, the square of G, denoted by G2, is a graph with the vertex set V(G) such that two vertices are adjacent if and only if the distance of these vertices in G is at most two. A graph G is called squared if there exists some graph H such that G= H2. A function f:V(G) {0,1,2…, k} is called a coloring of G if for every pair of vertices x,yV(G) with d(x,y)=1 we have |f(x)-f(y)|2 an...

We consider the interpretation of emotions and simil-iar phenomena as support for survival and coping in the world. Grounded in the experience of an emotional agent, certain such emotions, drives or experiences are self-oriented (homeostasis, intake, outtow: hunger, pain, irritation), while others suggest a generalized or speciic recognition of other agents or objects (curiosity , fear; or hatr...