This paper examines the GHG emission of industrial process in Shenyang city, in the Liaoning province of China, using the 2006 IPCC greenhouse gas inventory guideline. Results show that the total GHG emissions of industrial process has increased, from 1.48 Mt in 2004 to 4.06 Mt in 2009, except for a little decrease in 2008. The cement industry, and iron and steel industries, are the main emissi...

The energy used to produce austenitic stainless steel was quantified throughout its entire life cycle for three scenarios: (1) current global operations, (2) 100% recycling, and (3) use of only virgin materials. Data are representative of global average operations in the early 2000s. The primary energy requirements to produce 1 metric ton of austenitic stainless steel (with assumed metals conce...

In nuclear energy systems, the major construction inputs are steel and concrete, which comprise over 95% of the material energy inputs. The evaluation of construction material inputs is central to life-cycle assessments for environmental impacts for nuclear and other non-fossil energy systems, and can provide a useful, if only qualitative, plausibility check for economics claims. This paper com...

Background: A high prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is observed amongst employees in the steel manufacturing industry. Objective: To determine the prevalence of NIHL and current noise abatement techniques implemented at a steel manufacturing plant. Methods: Structured questionnaires were completed by permanent employees at a steel-manufacturing plant for the purpose of collecting...

the lack of complete understanding of the substrate effects on carbon nanotubes (cnts) growth poses a lot oftechnical challenges. here, we report the direct growth of nanostructures such as the cnts on stainless steel 304and brass substrates using thermal chemical vapor deposition (tcvd) process with c2h2 gas as carbon sourceand hydrogen as supporting gas mixed in ar gas flow. we used an especi...

About 70% of all the steel compositions that are currently used have been developed within the last 10 years. Novel iron alloys are being conceived, manufactured, and marketed with a regularity which has confounded many prophecies. Phase transformation theory has contributed to the successful development of steels. This overview will begin therefore with a discussion of the atomic mechanism by ...

Lattice-girder floor slabs and double-wall elements have been successfully used in building and industrial construction for decades. These precast elements of 50 – 70 mm thickness serve as permanent formwork for the subsequently added in-situ concrete creating a monolithic structure. The high prefabrication level allows the construction period to be significantly minimized. The main goal is the...

Cryogenics is the continuation of heat treatment and is the last step that completes the thermal treatment processing of metals. After ferrous steel part/s are heat-treated and tempered, the part’s grain structure can be improved by subjecting the part to a deep cryogenic temperature (–320 °F) soak. The process involves taking the parts down from room temperature to –70 °F to –100 °F using dry ...

lateral resistance of railway track is one of the most important parameters in lateral stability. this parameterdepends!on the conditions of different components of ballasted railway track (such as density of ballast layer,sleeper spacing, type of sleeper, etc.). from this perspective, type of sleeper has an important effect on lateralresistance. however in some conditions, in technical and eco...