This paper presents a very accurate sensor for the measurement of the moisture of undisturbed soil samples. The sensor relies on accurate estimation of the permittivity which is performed independently of the soil type, and a subsequent calibration. The sensor is designed as an upgrade of the conventional soil sampling equipment used in agriculture--the Kopecky cylinder. The detailed descriptio...

In a new measurement technique, impedance spectroscopy is used with fringing electric field sensors to measure the concentration of moisture, fiber, and titanium dioxide in pulp. This method can be integrated into a paper machine without disrupting the manufacturing process because the measurements are taken without contacting the pulp. Experimental results show consistent accuracy is when the ...

Germination energy of cottonwood seed decreased gradually as moisture stress increased from 0.0 to 10.0 atm; 15.0 atm inhibited germination except at 32 and 38 C. Temperature extremes of 15 and 38 C drastically reduced germination energy, and the reductive effect of 38 C was particularly marked after storage. Only 15-atm moisture stress or 15 C greatly reduced total germination. Germination und...

A technique based on microwave sensing technologies has been developed which provides a means of estimating the average moisture content across a stack of timber during kiln drying. The microwave sensor, which comprises of a linear array of slots excited from both ends, was developed and trialed under a range of standard commercial kiln drying schedules using 100mm x 50mm Pinus radiata sample b...

A hygrometer is an apparatus that measure humidity. Modern electronic devices use temperature of condensation or change in electrical capacitance to measure humidity difference. Humidity sensors are employed to provide an indication of moisture levels in the environment. To measure moisture level, various technologies are used. A capacitive type moisture sensor consisting of nanoporous thin fil...

Cover Illustration: Electron micrograph showing an area near the interaction sites between Iba1-immunostained microglial cell (shaded in violet) and surface of a motor neuron at spinal cord ventral horn red) following sciatic nerve transection. The extracellular space is delimited yellow. Extracellular multilamellar bodies vesicles derived from degenerating afferent synaptic boutons are seen in...

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy technique serves as an important tool for the measurement of moisture content of skin owing to the advantages it has over the other techniques. The purpose of the study is to develop a correlation between NIR spectrometer with electrical conventional techniques for skin moisture measurement. A non-invasive measurement of moisture content of skin was performed on...