CONTEXT In the United States, graduated driver licensing (GDL) systems allow full, unrestricted licensure for drivers younger than 18 years only after an initial period of supervised driving and an intermediate period of unsupervised driving that limits driving at night, transporting multiple young passengers, or both. OBJECTIVE To estimate the association of GDL programs with involvement in ...

A general game player automatically learns to play arbitrary new games solely by being told their rules. For this purpose games are specified in the game description language GDL, a variant of Datalog with function symbols and a few known keywords. In its latest version GDL allows to describe nondeterministic games with any number of players who may have imperfect, asymmetric information. We an...

A generalized decision logic language GDL is proposed for granular computing (GrC) in the Tarski’s style through the notions of a model and satisfiability. The model is an information table consisting of a finite set of objects described by a finite set of attributes. A concept or a granule is characterized by a pair consisting of the intension of the concept, a formula of the language GDL, and...

The Game-Design and Learning (GDL) initiative engages middle school students in the process of gamedesign in a variety of in-school, after-school, and summer camp settings. The goal of the GDL initiative is to leverage students’ interests in games and design to foster their problem-solving and critical reasoning skills. The present study examines the effectiveness of an after-school version of ...

BACKGROUND Seventeen states enacted graduated driver licensing (GDL) programs that were implemented from 1996 through 1999 and for which evaluations are of interest. METHODS We received evaluation results reported for six states for which data were available. Summarizing results is difficult in other than the most global terms because of differences in pre-GDL programs, differences in GDL pro...

The Game Description Language (GDL) has been developed for the purpose of formalizing game rules. It serves as the input language for general game players, which are systems that learn to play previously unknown games without human intervention. In this paper, we show that GDL can be readily used as a specification language for a large class of multiagent environments. The resulting specificati...

UNLABELLED The Symposium on Novice Teen Driving: GDL and Beyond--Research Foundations for Policy and Practice, held in Tucson, AZ, on February 5-7, 2007, provided a detailed overview of graduated driver licensing (GDL) and other beginning driver issues in the United States. This paper summarizes the information presented at the Symposium and in its background papers. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY This i...

Water transport through the gas diffusion layer (GDL) of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is of critical importance in the operation of the fuel cell. In this study, the transport of water vapor through the GDL is investigated. A one-dimensional, single-phase heat and mass transfer model is developed to investigate the diffusivity of water vapor through the GDL of a PEMFC. An experime...

The game description language (GDL), which is the basis for the grand AI challenge of general game playing, can be viewed as yet another action language. However, due to its unique way of addressing the frame problem, GDL turned out to be surprisingly difficult to relate to any of the classical action formalisms. In this paper, we present the first complete embedding of GDL into an existing mem...

In this paper, a non-isothermal two-phase flow in the cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL) of PEM fuel cell is modeled. The governing equations including energy, mass and momentum conservation equations are solved by numerical methods. Also, the optimal values of the effective parameters such as the electrodes porosity, gas diffusion layer (GDL) thickness and inlet relative humidity are calculated...