The Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution states that a criminal defendant has the right to counsel for his defense, and the Fourteenth Amendment states that defendants must be provided due process and equal protection under law. Despite this, it is unclear whether indigent defendants in the United States-who are disproportionately ethnic minorities-are receiving such protections when it com...

PURPOSE To explore physicians' attitudes toward providing directive counsel when dealing with morally controversial medical decisions, and to examine associations between physicians' opinions and their demographic and religious characteristics. METHOD In 2008-2009, the authors mailed a survey to a stratified, random sample of 1,800 U.S. obstetrician-gynecologists. They asked participants whet...

QUESTION In light of recent negative media attention to antidepressant use during late pregnancy, several of my patients have either discontinued or are considering discontinuing their antidepressant medications. How can I best counsel these patients on taking antidepressants during late pregnancy? ANSWER Antidepressant use during the third trimester has been associated occasionally with a tr...

Although authorized by statutes, involuntary civil commitment in this country was largely a clinical process until the 1960s. Patients were hospitalized on the statements of one or two physicians, without advice of counsel, opportunities to defend themselves in hearings, or any legal recourse save habeus corpus writs, which were seldom used and even less frequently successful. 1.2 When courts b...

a- the goal of this survey is to negotiate the causes of inereasment of psycho-social problems in the adolescence field. we have purposed to evaluate and calegortize 95 persons who were self - refered or refrnal from legal system to crisis - intervention of welfare organization. these persons were classified into three groups through neurologic - psychologic - psychiatric approach: 1- adolescen...

BACKGROUND Quality-assurance initiatives encourage adherence to evidenced-based guidelines based on a consideration of treatment benefit. We examined older persons' willingness to take medication for primary cardiovascular disease prevention according to benefits and harms. METHODS In-person interviews were performed with 356 community-living older persons. Participants were asked about their...