abstract evapotranspiration as one of the most important components of the hydrologic cycle, plays a key role in water resources management, crop yield simulation and irrigation scheduling. therefore, presenting a low cost and precision model is very essential for calculations of hourly eto. although, there are empirical formulas, their performances are not all satisfactory due to the complicat...

Zheng Xu1∗, Mário A. T. Figueiredo2, Xiaoming Yuan3, Christoph Studer 4, Tom Goldstein1 1Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 2Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal 3Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 4Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell ...

The objective was to perform a comparative study of the meteorological elements data that most cause changes in reference Evapotranspiration (ETo, mm) and its own value, automatic weather stations AWS conventional CWS Sertão Agreste regions Pernambuco State. ETo calculated on daily scale using standard method proposed by Food Agriculture Organization (FAO), Penman-Monteith (FAO-56). information...

A surface energy balance was conducted to calculate the latent heat flux (λE) using aerodynamic methods and the Penman–Monteith (PM) method. Computations were based on gridded weather and Landsat satellite reflected and thermal data. The surface energy balance facilitated a comparison of impacts of different parameterizations and assumptions, while calculating λE over large areas through the us...

The potential of modeling the FAO Penman-Monteith (FAO-56 PM) method for computing reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) using feed-forward backpropagation artificial neural networks (FFBANN) with minimal measured climate data such as with the air temperature (maximum and minimum) was investigated using local climatic data from the Wa Meteorological weather station. Three FFBANN models were d...

of an integrated knowledge-based machine-aided translation system called PANQLOSS. The ISI-specific work includes the development of English sentence generation and sentence planning capabilities and the construction of an Ontology of concepts to act as the semantic lexicon for all modules of the system as a whole. In addition, we continue to enhance Penman's existing generation technology, to ...

Isolation, purification and physicochemical properties of the antibiotic complex YA-56, a family of phleomycin-bleomycin group, are described. The antibiotic YA-56 complex was found to be composed mainly of two active components named YA-56X and Y. These components were clearly differentiated from the reported phleomycins and bleomycins by their physicochemical properties. However, by direct co...

The Penman-Monteith equation is useful for computing evaporation rates of uniform surfaces, such as dense vegetation or bare soil. This equation becomes less useful for evaluation of evaporation rates at the regional scale, where surfaces are generally characterized by a patchy combination of vegetation and soil. This is particularly true in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The appr...