within communicative, interactive, and learner-centered framework of language teaching and learning, students need to learn four skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing for their educational success. but of all the language skills, reading enjoys a paramount significance in so many second or foreign language academic contexts. in spite of its importance, language learners still have...

دراین تحقیق نانوکامپوزیت هیبرید فولرن-اکسیدنیکل(60c nio-)، با موفقیت توسط دو روش سل-ژل و هم رسوبی تهیه شد. برای این کار ابتدا فولرنول، با ایجاد گروه های عاملی هیدروکسیلی (oh-) برروی فولرن تهیه شد. گروههای عاملی(oh-) حلالیت فولرن را افزایش داده و باعث می شود که به راحتی با مواد دیگر واکنش دهند سپس فولرنول توسط گروه عاملی سیتریک اسید (c6h8o7) با استفاده از روش گرمایی )ترمال (عامل دار شد. ویژگی ها...

abstract the main purpose of this study was to investigate whether there was any significant difference between the speaking achievement of learners who were trained by means of consciousness raising of sociolinguistic skills and that of learners who were trained without the above mentioned task. the participants of this study consist of 60 intermediate level students participating languag...

until now many studies have been done over recent decades throughout the world to show the right age to start english. in iran, research is still at an early stage in terms of evaluating teachers’ beliefs about teaching children english. the problem of at what age to start teaching english and how to teach english to elementary school children has not been solved neither in this country nor els...

we have two part in this thesis, at first: the interaction of native calf thymus dna (ct-dna) with two anthraquinones including quinizarin (1,4- dihydroxy anthraquinone) and danthron (1,8- dihydroxy anthraquinone) in a mixture of 0.04 m brittone-robinson buffer and 50% of ethanol were studied at physiological ph by uv-vis absorption, florescence, circular dichroism spectroscopic methods, viscos...

in this thesis, a better reaction conditions for the synthesis of spirobarbiturates catalyzed by task-specific ionic liquid (2-hydroxy-n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-n,n-dimethylethanaminium formate), calcium hypochlorite ca(ocl)2 or n-bromosuccinimide (nbs) in the presence of water at room temperature by ultrasonic technique is provided. the design and synthesis of spirocycles is a challenging task becaus...

one of the most commonly used techniques to reduce the corrosion rate of rebar in concrete is addition substances named corrosion inhibitors into the concrete. corrosion inhibitor is chemical compounds that were added to concrete to prevent corrosion of steel in concrete. sodium nitrate is a type of anodic inhibitors that this study investigatesthe effect of this inhibitor on the properties of ...