BACKGROUND In low-income countries, viral load (VL) monitoring of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is rarely available in the public sector for HIV-infected adults or children. Using clinical failure alone to identify first-line ART failure and trigger regimen switch may result in unnecessary use of costly second-line therapy. Our objective was to identify CD4 threshold values to confirm clinically...

saving in irrigation water is important in the early season of sugar beet. the effect of early season deficit irrigation on the sugar beet growth indexes was investigated in kabotarabad agricultural research station (esfahan) in 1998. the soil texture was silty clay and the experiment design was randomized complete block with 4 relications. six irrigation regimes were applied after. 1) 100 mm (...

to determine sugar content and root yield variation of new sugar beet hybrids under different irrigation levels, an experiment was carried out at zarghan agricultural research station offars agricultural and natural resources research center, shiraz, iran. the study was conducted as split block based on a randomized complete block design with three replications for two years, 2009-10, using lin...

Few thorough comparisons of the systemic effects of inhaled corticosteroids in children are available. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of budesonide and fluticasone propionate on short-term lower leg growth. Fluticasone propionate, budesonide and placebo were administered for 2 weeks in a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, cross-over design. Twenty four children aged 6-12 y...

OBJECTIVES (1) To evaluate the intraobserver agreement related to image interpretation and (2) to compare the accuracy of 100%, 200% and 400% zoomed digital images in the detection of simulated periodontal bone defects. METHODS Periodontal bone defects were created in 60 pig hemi-mandibles with slow-speed burs 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm and 3.0 mm in diameter. 180 standardized digital rad...

By using different evaluation strategies, we systemically evaluated the performance of Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA) and Molecular Mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) methodologies based on more than 1800 protein-ligand crystal structures in the PDBbind database. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) for the one-protein-family/one-binding-lig...

Theory regarding metamaterials was developed in the 1960s, aiming to control propagation of electromagnetic waves. Under this scope, research has been focused on realization materials having specific characteristics be invisible and optics fields. These principles have expanded only recently acoustic sector, with capable controlling sound due interference effect between soundwaves periodic stru...

In the present study, 2219-T87 Al alloy plates, 4 mm in thickness, were subjected to bobbin tool friction stir welding (BT-FSW) under relatively high speeds of 200 and 400 mm/min, with aim analyze effect on fatigue properties joints. The results showed that tension–tension high-cycle performance BT-FSW joints at room temperature was significantly enhanced compared other 2xxx series alloys count...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the image quality (IQ) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of reduced field-of-view (FOV) di-ffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of pancreas in comparison with full FOV DWI. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, 2 readers independently performed qualitative analysis of full FOV DWI (FOV, 38 × 38 cm; b-value, 0 and 500 s/mm(2)) and reduced FOV DWI (FOV, 28...