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بررسی جمعیت و شهرنشینی در استان گیلان گویای این واقعیت است که در دوره زمانی 1365- 1335 رشد جمعیت شهری تقریباً سیر صعودی داشته و ازدهه 1375- 1365 روندی نزولی در پیش گرفته است؛ که نوسان‌های موجود در کل استان، جوامع شهری و روستایی را نشان می‌دهد. در تمام این دوران نرخ رشد جمعیت شهری بیش‌تر از نرخ رشد جمعیت کل و روستایی بوده؛ با این وجود، همواره جمعیت روستایی بیش‌تر از جمعیت شهری بوده است؛ در سال 13...
BACKGROUND: Currently, numerous metal structures are used in dentistry, such as implants, pins, dentures, etc. These often made of various metals and alloys with different electrochemical potentials. This circumstance can lead to the appearance a galvanic cell, consisting structures. In existing literature, no data reveal frequency detection pairs mouth absence syndrome oral mucosal diseases.&#...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Carotid plaque and intima-media thickness (IMT) are recognized as risk factors for ischemic stroke, but their predictive value has been debated and varies between studies. The purpose of this longitudinal population-based study was to assess the risk of ischemic stroke associated with plaque area and IMT in the carotid artery. METHODS IMT and total plaque area in the ri...
Electron impact excitation rates in Cl III, recently determined with the R-matrix code, are used to calculate electron temperature (T(e)) and density (N(e)) emission line ratios involving both the nebular (5517.7, 5537.9 A) and auroral (8433.9, 8480.9, 8500.0 A) transitions. A comparison of these results with observational data for a sample of planetary nebulae, obtained with the Hamilton Echel...
Cotton stalks, remaining after the cotton is harvested, are considered waste material and disposed of by burning. Presently, supply good quality manure, such as farmyard manure (FYM) low. Thus, recycling stalks compost can reduce dependency on FYM apart from reducing inorganic fertilizer use soil health enhancement. Some studies have reported conversion ginnery wastes into organic manure. Howev...
In a longitudinal study of Dutch adolescent and young adult twins, their parents and their siblings, questionnaire data were collected on depression, anxiety and correlated personality traits, such as neuroticism. Data were collected by mailed surveys in 1991, 1993, 1995 and 1997. A total of 13,717 individuals from 3344 families were included in the study. To localise quantitative trait loci (Q...
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is the major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema. Recent studies suggest that susceptibility to cigarette smoke may vary by race/ethnicity; however, they were generally small and relied on self-reported race/ethnicity. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that relationships of smoking to lung function and per cent emphysema differ by genetic a...
BACKGROUND Defensive medicine is prevalent among US neurosurgeons due to the high risk of malpractice claims. This study provides national estimates of US neurosurgeons' defensive behaviors and perceptions. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship of defensive medicine-both "assurance" behaviors and "avoidance" behaviors-to the liability environment. METHODS A 51-question online survey was sen...
BACKGROUND Concern over rising healthcare expenditures has led to increased scrutiny of medical practices. As medical liability and malpractice risk rise to crisis levels, the medical-legal environment has contributed to the practice of defensive medicine as practitioners attempt to mitigate liability risk. High-risk specialties, such as neurosurgery, are particularly affected and neurosurgeons...
BACKGROUND Insect seminal fluid is a complex mixture of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, produced in the male reproductive tract. This seminal fluid is transferred together with the spermatozoa during mating and induces post-mating changes in the female. Molecular characterization of seminal fluid proteins in the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, is limited, although studies sugge...
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