This study aims to examine the impact of gender diversity in Board Directors (BOD) on firm performance—return assets (ROA) and return equity (ROE)—using a sample Palestinian non-financial companies for period 2008–2015. Gender was measured as percentage women BOD, dummy variable existence at least one woman BOD. The employed method two-stage squares (2SLS) address endogeneity issues relationshi...

The Two-Sample Two-Stage Least Squares (TS2SLS) data combination estimator is a popular estimator for the parameters in linear models when not all variables are observed jointly in one single data set. Although the limiting normal distribution has been established, the asymptotic variance formula has only been stated explicitly in the literature for the case of conditional homoskedasticity. By ...

Abstract Standard two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression remains dominant in instrumental variables estimation of causal effects even though the literature has shown that 2SLS may be inconsistent when are heterogenous and instrument is only valid conditioning on covariates. To show this not merely a hypothetical threat, paper re-estimates returns to college using proximity as an based data f...

yt and Pt replaced by any variables that affect supply but not demand. In the 1970s econometricians began to recognize that how the supply or demand equation is normalized affects the estimator of the supply or demand elasticity (¡M or ¬R ) when the two-stage least squares (2SLS) approach is employed. The quality of this estimator is sensitive to the strength of instruments used in the 2SLS est...

This study assesses the effects of maternal healthcare on child survival by using nonrandomized data from a cross-sectional survey in Azerbaijan. Using 2SLS and simultaneous equation bivariate probit models, we estimate the effects of delivering in healthcare facility on probability of child survival taking into account self-selection into the treatment. For women who delivered at healthcare fa...

This paper proposes and discusses an instrumental variable estimator that can be of particular relevance when many instruments are available. Intuition and recent work (see, e.g., Hahn (2002)) suggest that parsimonious devices used in the construction of the final instruments, may provide effective estimation strategies. Shrinkage is a well known approach that promotes parsimony. We consider a ...

We examine the relationship between bank’s equity ownership and corporate financial performance based on cross-sectional data through 2SLS estimation model. Our evidence is listed 3203 non...

A system of nonlinear biomass component equations was developed for slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) trees using an econometric approach in which endogenous right-hand-side variables were included some equations. The fitted to data from 306 sampled the southeastern United States with weighted two-stage (2SLS) and three-stage (3SLS) least squares full information maximum-likel...