From 1995 to 1998, more than 90 percent of mid-range IPOs were charged underwriter fees, or spreads, of exactly seven percent, even though evidence suggests that economies of scale in the size of the offering should allow for lower fees. Chen and Ritter (2000) offer collusion as a possible explanation based on empirical analysis and observation. Alternatively, we investigate whether the spreads...

The effect of fallow on Longidorus americanus, a nematode associated with stunting of loblolly pine seedlings in Georgia, USA Stephen W. FRAEDRICH 1,∗, Michelle M. CRAM 2 and Stanley J. ZARNOCH 3 1 USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 320 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA 2 USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, 320 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA 3 USDA Forest Service,...

parasitaemia to 0-5%. Forty eight hours after admission her temperature was normal and no parasites were detectable in further films. The quinine was then continued orally for 10 days at a dose of 600 mg every 12 hours. Her subsequent antenatal course was uncomplicated. Films remained negative for malarial parasites. Four weeks after her admission she was readmitted in spontaneous labour that r...

L. Wagstaff, Julian Panetta, Adnan Ansar, Melissa Bunte, Ronald Greeley, Mary Pendleton Hoffer, and Norbert Schörghofer, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109 USA ([email protected]), California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125 USA, Arizona State University, School of Earth and Space Ex...

1 Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai’i, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA garland or jpw @ifa.hawaii.edu 2 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility, P. O. Box 76, Epping NSW 1710, Australia [email protected] 3 Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, 216 Bryant Space Science Center, P.O. Box 112055, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA [email protected] 4 Institu...

In this paper we will present a detailed study on tuning double-precision matrix-matrix multiplication (DGEMM) on the Intel Xeon E5-2680 CPU. We selected an optimal algorithm from the instruction set perspective as well software tools optimized for Intel Advance Vector Extensions (AVX). Our optimizations included the use of vector memory operations, and AVX instructions. Our proposed algorithm ...

Abstract We take advantage of a new data set on Belgian cities to test random growth, that is, Gibrat’s law. This unique provides annual population estimates for all municipalities (2680 cities) from 1880 1970. The use panel methodology and unit root tests can provide precise law (a is equivalent growth). run both time series tests, thus obtaining strong support growth in the long term. Results...

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [5]. Although RFC 2119 was written with protocols in mind, the key words are used in this document for similar reasons. They are used to ensure the results of measurements from two different implementatio...