Infectivity of dried coliphage T1 has been measured as a function of humidity, temperature, and atmospheric pressure. Loss of infectivity by a factor of 10(4) was caused by water vapor of approximately 40 to 85% saturation when the microorganisms were kept for 3 days at 34 C in evacuated containers. At humidities below 40% and above 90% saturation, no loss of infectivity occurred. At a temperat...

Petrophysical evaluation of petroleum reservoirs is one of the most challenging tasks for hydrocarbon reserve determination. One critical petrophysical parameter is the water saturation which is normally calculated from Archie’s equation. Carbonate reservoirs, however, due to their complex mineralogy are not good candidates for Archie’s equation because Archie’s parameters are strongly dependen...

In barley (Hordeum vulgare) leaves in which the water balance was not hampered, kinetin and abscisic acid effected the well documented decrease and increase, respectively, in RNase activity. When the plants were exposed to water shortage, leaf-water saturation deficit increased steadily, with kinetin enhancing and abscisic acid retarding the rise. Under drought, the pattern of hormonal effects ...

expansive soils show swelling and shrinkage behavior when subjected to cyclic wetting and drying. the variation in water content influence the volume change in this kind of soil. these volume changes can cause ground movement which may result in damage to the buildings and structures. to study the behavior, a number of successive wetting-drying cycles were conducted on a statically compacted ex...

Commercial aquaculture is growing worldwide except in Africa where production is still low. With fisheries reaching a stagnating phase, the world and more so Africa will have to look to aquaculture in the future to provide fish products that will likely be needed. In view of this, a study on water quality management was done which specifically looked at the effects of dissolved oxygen saturatio...

Tracer responses in gas-liquid, two-phase flow through a fractured layer are discussed. Experiments were carried out using a glass bead bed in a cylinder. In the results, over a wide range of flow conditions of particle size, fluids-flow velocity, and water saturation (Sw), one of three types of liquidand gas-flow pattern was obtained: a single-phase (water) flow with entrapped gases, a bubble ...

[1] Subtropical humidity plays a critical role in the radiative balance of the planet, and there is a need for adequate description of the controls on water vapor distributions. This study tests whether an advection-condensation model, combined with Rayleigh distillation, can describe observed humidity and water vapor isotope ratios of the subtropical free troposphere. A field campaign, from 9 ...

(15)N longitudinal relaxation rates are extensively used for the characterization of protein dynamics; however, their accurate measurement is hindered by systematic errors. (15)N CSA/(1)H-(15)N dipolar cross-correlated relaxation (CC) and amide proton exchange saturation transfer from water protons are the two main sources of systematic errors in the determination of (15)N R1 rates through (1)H...

Introduction Paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (PARACEST) agents use water molecule exchange with lanthanide ions (Ln) and radiofrequency (RF) spin saturation to create negative contrast in MRI [1]. If the rate of exchange between the bound and bulk water locations is much slower than their frequency difference (i.e. kex << Δω) then RF spin saturation at the shifted bound water...