The equations of motion are solved numerically for a Boussinesq fluid with infinite Prandtl number in a square 2-D box where the viscosity increases with depth. Three heating modes are employed: bottom heating, internal heating, and half bottom and half internal heating. In all cases the boundaries are free slip. The range of Rayleigh numbers employed is 10-107. The viscosity increases as 10{3(...

We previously proposed that oil heated with gluten was suitable for use as a safe oil for weight-loss dieting. In the present paper, the properties of the oil were improved, and the weight-loss effect was compared with that of heated oil. Fresh oil was heated for 10 h at 180 degrees C with or without gluten and filtered using filter paper. A powdered diet (AIN93G; no fat) was mixed with 7 wt% o...

The quantities of two forms of crystalline silica, tridymite and cristobalite, in heated rice husk ash (RHA) samples were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and chemical methods. Two RHA samples, containing 93% SiO2 and 2-3% K2O, were prepared from charcoaled rice husk products and heated to above 900 degrees C. The crystalline silica made up over 60-80% of the total silica in the heated RHA...

We report the development of photoacoustic flowmetry assisted by high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). This novel method employs HIFU to generate a heating impulse in the flow medium, followed by photoacoustic monitoring of the thermal decay process. Photoacoustic flowmetry in a continuous medium remains a challenge in the optical diffusive regime. Here, both the HIFU heating and photoacous...

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to observe the changes in tumor angiogenesis after heated lipiodol (60°C) infusion via the hepatic artery in a rabbit model of VX2 liver cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty rabbits with VX2 hepatic tumors were randomly divided into 2 groups (10 rabbits in each group). Under anesthesia, a trans-catheter hepatic arterial infusion was performed, and lipiodol (37°C; c...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Preconditioning gas by humidification and warming the pneumoperitoneum improves laparoscopic outcomes. This prevents peritoneal desiccation and detrimental events related to traditional cold-dry gas. Few comparisons have been done comparing traditional cold-dry, heated-only, and humidified-warmed carbon dioxide. METHODS A prospective, controlled, randomized, double-b...

The fireball, the promising model of the gamma-ray burst (GRB), is an opaque radiation plasma, whose energy is significantly greater than its rest mass. We numerically simulate the evolution of the fireball heated by the neutrinoantineutrino annihilation process for the spherically symmetric case. We also derive analytical energy and momentum deposition rates via neutrino scattering with therma...

Kudoa septempunctata (Myxosporea, Multivalvulida) is a parasite of the trunk muscle of cultured olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). We investigated whether K. septempunctata genotype ST3 spores induce cell damage and the secretion of inflammatory mediators in Caco-2 cells, which exhibit characteristics similar to human intestinal epithelial cells. Purified K. septempunctata spores were hea...

BACKGROUND The position of the jet or ultrasonic nebulizer in the ventilator circuit impacts drug delivery during mechanical ventilation, but has not been extensively explored, and no study has examined all of the commonly used nebulizers. METHODS Drug delivery from jet, vibrating-mesh, and ultrasonic nebulizers and pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) with spacer was compared in a model o...

Introduction: OMEGA/Mars Express data was confirmed by CRISM/MRO data of the existence of clay minerals on the surface of Mars [1, 2]. These clays have been found in some of the oldest terrains of Mars and because of their Noachian age, they hold clues to the earliest history of the martian surface. Clays have been detected in outcrops surrounded by lava flows and in the ejecta of small impact ...