Antigen tests for infectious diseases are inexpensive and easy-to-use, but the limit of detection (LOD) is generally higher than that PCR tests, which considered gold standard. In present study, we combined a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with thionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (thio-NAD) cycling to improve LOD antigen coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). For recombinant...

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a helminthic disease caused by the larval form of Echinococcus granulosus.  In the present study, the B8/2 subunit of antigen B (AgB) of E. granulosus was expressed in E. coli host and then applied in a diagnostic ELISA set up. Methods: The DNA sequence of AgB8/2 subunit from E. granulosus was extracted from the GenBank and codon-optimized. The target s...

We examined the ability of a set of cloned chicken ovalbumin (cOVA)-specific, Id-restricted, T cell hybridomas to produce interleukin-2 in response to cOVA presented by the Ia+ B cell lymphoma line, A20-2J. Although viable A20-2J cells presented native, denatured, and fragmented cOVA more or less equally well, A20-2J cells that were glutaraldehyde-fixed could present only enzymatically or chemi...

We developed a method for production of antigen-specific, H-2-restricted T cell hybrids. The tumor cell partner in the fusions was itself a T cell hybrid, FS6-14.13.AG2 (or its derivatives), which could be induced to produce the growth factor, interleukin-2 (IL-2), in response to a challenge with concanavalin A, but had no known antigen specificity. The normal T cell partner in the fusions was ...

Conventional serum antibody titer, which expresses level, does not provide antigen binding avidity of the variable region antibody, is essential for defense response to infection. Here, we quantified anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) by competitive binding-inhibition activity (IC50) between SARS-CoV-2 S1 immobilized on DCP microarray and various RBD doses added expressed as 1/IC50 n...

the protective capacity of the crude extracts from larval and nymphal stages of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum was examined in the new zealand white rabbits. the rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups of five animals. the rabbits in groups 1 and 2 were immunized with crude extracts of larval and nymphal antigens, respectively and group 3 was served as control. following challenge of each r...

Purpose: Among all known human coronaviruses, some viruses (e.g., SARS-CoV-2) cause severe pneumonia or even death. With the regard to its spread and importance of rapid identification/treatment, because pAbs are relatively cheap, able bind more sites on antigens neutralize them, this study was done for production purification anti-SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal antibodies (pAb) in rats. Methods: Viral ...

Listeria infection results in the induction of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing T lymphocytes. Blocking of the costimulatory molecule B7 in vivo led to a marked decrease in antigen-specific production of IFN-gamma and interleukin-2 by lymphocytes. Blocking of both B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) was required in order to inhibit cytokine production, indicating that either molecule could act al...