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background: this study was undertaken to evaluate the viability, infectivity and immunity of toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites exposed to 2-(naphthalene-2-ylthio)-1h-indole.   methods : tachyzoites of rh strain were incubated in various concentrations of 2- (naphthalene-2-ylthio)-1h-indole (25-800μm) for 1.5 hours. then, they were stained by pi and analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (f...

objective(s): alzheimer's disease (ad) is a neurodegenerative disorder in elderly patients. decrease in cholinergic neurotransmission is the main known cause in the pathophysiology of the disease. improvement and potentiation of the cholinergic system could be beneficial for treatment of the ad. acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil can enhance the duration of action of acetylc...

 Preparation of 2-Chlorobenzonitrile, and benzonitrile are reported here from the corresponding 2-Chlorobenzaldehyde and benzaldehyde by the reaction of ammonium hydroxide/VPO titania, VPO bulk (...