In this article, we study the prehistory of type theory up to 1910 and its development betweenRussell andWhitehead’sPrincipiaMathematica ([71], 1910–1912) andChurch’s simply typed ë-calculus of 1940. We first argue that the concept of types has always been present in mathematics, though nobody was incorporating them explicitly as such, before the end of the 19th century. Then we proceed by desc...

Gruneberg, 1942; Meyerstein, 1942; Smith, 1944; Harris, Gilding, and Smart, 1951 ; Sabine and Nickolai, 1952) and those open at both ends (Gram and Norgaard, 1923; Van Allen, 1925a and b; Guest, 1938 ; Kato, 1938 and 1940; Miller, 1939 Hamre, 1940; Benditt, Straube, and Humphreys, 1946; Shils, Sass, and Goldwater, 1952). All these tubes suffer from drawbacks either in design or method of use. A...

The genus Rhinoncomimus Wagner, 1940 includes seven species from Eastern Asia. One new species, Rh. continuus sp. nov. from Yunnan, China, is described. Habitus photos, illustrations and descriptions of all species except Rh. rubripes Korotyaev, 2006 (a possible junior synonym of R. niger Chûjô and Morimoto, 1959) are provided in detail, as well as key to species and distribution maps. In addit...

1940’lı yıllar hem Dünya Tarihi açısından de Türkiye zor günler içerir. Bu zorlu süreçte Türkiye’de iktidarı elinde tutan CHP hükümeti, ortaya çıkan sorunlara iktisadi ve sosyal açıdan çözümler aramıştır. kapsamda pek çok içerikli kampanya başlatılmıştır. Kızılay Cemiyeti diğer hayır kurumları da bu yardım faaliyetlerinde önemli görevler üstlenmiştir. Cemiyeti’nin ön ayak olduğu faaliyetlerinde...

Einstein’s article titled, “The Fundaments of Theoretical Physics”, from Science, Washington, D.C., May 24, 1940, is presented in its entirety as it is an outstanding presentation of the history and status of the foundations of theoretical physics as it stood in 1940. Further, it provides the background for discussing the new view of the fundaments of theoretical physics provided by the energy ...

The antagonism of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to the chemotherapeutic action of sulfonamides in vitro and in vivo has long been established by various workers (McCarty, 1941; Selbie, 1940; Thomas and Dingle, 1942; Woods, 1940). The studies of Woods and Fildes (Fildes, 1940; Woods, 1940; Woods and Fildes, 1940) provided, furthermore, a hypothetical picture of the metabolism of bacteria, based ...

The Eocene elmid beetles known from Baltic amber so far are reviewed, and their natural environment is discussed. Palaeoriohelmis samlandica Bollow, 1940 is re-described based on examination of the holotype. The genus Palaeoriohelmis Bollow, 1940 is synonymized with Heterlimnius Hinton, 1935, and Palaeoriohelmis samlandica is transferred to Heterlimnius (H. samlandicus comb. nov.). Heterelmis g...

Reference to Fig. i will indicate that the narrow isthmus of the neck comprises four principal groups of structures which, for the purposes of this paper, are referred to as Units A, B, C, and D. Unit D is called the " Ensheathing " unit in that it effectively separates the superficial fascia from deeper structures. This anatomical division also serves to separate the two principal types of nec...