The resurgence of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in the southern, northeastern and northern parts of Thailand, inflicting approximately 46,000 reported cases since October 2008 until December 2009, has raised public health concerns. In the present study, we characterized nearly complete genome sequences of four CHIKV isolates obtained from 2008 to 2009 outbreaks in Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis wa...

it decreased from 96 to 93 per 1,000 among whites.3 Minority adolescents are disproportionately represented among teenagers who give birth; of the 38 states that reported rates for 1991–1992, 27 reported an increase in birthrates among Hispanic adolescents, whereas only six of 50 states reported an increase in birthrates among non-Hispanic white teenagers.4 Although no research has been conduct...

Sea-blue histiyositoz Niemann-Pick hastalığının altı tipinden biridir. Çocukluk çağında başlayan hepatosplenomegali olması, nörolojik tutulumun olmaması ve sfingomiyelinaz aktivitesinin azalmasıyla karakterizedir. Akciğer tutulumu sea-blue histiyositozda görülen nadir bir klinik tutulumdur. Bu olgu sunumunda, 15 yaşındayken sea-blue histiyositoz tanısı konulan 39 yaşındaki bir erkek hasta sunul...

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from cyan to yellow fluorescent proteins (CFP/YFP) is a well-established method to monitor protein-protein interactions or conformational changes of individual proteins. But protein functions can be perturbed by fusion of large tags such as CFP and YFP. Here we use G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) activation in living cells as a model system to com...

Increasing rates of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) have been reported from North America since 2003. This increase is associated with the emergence and spread of a particular strain of C. difficile characterised as PCR ribotype 027 or pulsotype NAP1. This epidemic strain produces toxins A and B and the binary toxin, is resistant to erythromycin and the newer fluoroquinolones, a...

In the past decade, the epidemiology and treatment of Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea (CDAD) have significantly changed. C. difficile remains the most important cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea and is increasingly important as a community pathogen. The strains of C. difficile with hypervirulent BI-NAP1-027 and nonBI-NAP1-027 have been reported for after the use of nearly all sy...

BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic Gram-positive spore-forming gut pathogen that causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea worldwide. A small number of C. difficile strains express the binary toxin (CDT), which is generally found in C. difficile 027 (ST1) and/or 078 (ST11) in clinic. However, we isolated a binary toxin-positive non-027, non-078 C. difficile LC693 that is associated wi...

gyrA Mutations in Fluoroquinolone-resistant Clostridium difficile PCR-027 To the Editor: Clostridium diffi-cile is the most common cause of bacterial diarrhea in hospitalized patients (1). Antimicrobial drug therapy is the most important risk factor associated with the acquistion of C. difficile, and several antimicrobial agents including clindamycin, amoxicillin, and cepha-lo-sporins have been...

UNLABELLED Clostridium difficile is a leading cause of nosocomial infections worldwide and has become an urgent public health threat requiring immediate attention. Epidemic lineages of the BI/NAP1/027 strain type have emerged and spread through health care systems across the globe over the past decade. Limiting person-to-person transmission and eradicating C. difficile, especially the BI/NAP1/0...

We determined the PCR ribotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 508 toxigenic Clostridium difficile isolates collected between 2011 and 2013 from 32 U.S. hospitals. Of the 29 PCR ribotypes identified, the 027 strain type was the most common (28.1%), although the rates varied by geographic region. Ribotype 014/020 isolates appear to be emerging. Clindamycin and moxifloxacin resistan...