BACKGROUND Smoking and tobacco use is a major public health issue in developing countries. We performed an epidemiological study to determine the prevalence of smoking and tobacco-use and awareness of risks of tobacco use among school children. METHODS Students in randomly selected schools in Jaipur were studied. Students in classes 9-12 (age 13-18 years, boys 2866, girls 939) were enrolled. ...

BACKGROUND Prospective data spanning childhood and adolescence are needed to better understand obesity incidence among children and to identify important periods for intervention. OBJECTIVE To describe gender differences in overweight and obesity from infancy to late adolescence in a South African cohort. METHODS We analysed body mass index at 1-2 years, 4-8 years, 11-12 years, 13-15 years ...

This study of associations of sports participation with perceived and actual physical fitness, and total physical activity for 525 10- to 17-yr.-old boys and girls in groups of 10-11-yr. (56 boys and 64 girls), 12-13-yr. (68 boys and 68 girls), 14-15-yr. (70 boys and 71 girls), and 16-17-yr. (68 boys and 60 girls) was based on the Physical Activity Index derived from a questionnaire by Telama, ...

Thirty-eight obese (13 prepubertal, 25 pubertal) boys, and 17 obese (16 prepubertal, 11 pubertal) girls underwent a thyroid-releasing hormone test with assay of prolactin. Obese pre-pubertal boys had prolactin levels that were significantly below those of the control group both under basal conditions and after stimulus. In the obese pubertal boys the difference was significant only after stimul...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Studies of the relationship of weight status with timing of puberty in boys have been mixed. This study examined whether overweight and obesity are associated with differences in the timing of puberty in US boys. METHODS We reanalyzed recent community-based pubertal data from the American Academy of Pediatrics' Pediatric Research in Office Settings study in which trai...

OBJECTIVE Although African American adolescents have the highest prevalence of obesity, they have the lowest prevalence of metabolic syndrome across all definitions used in previous research. To address this paradox, we sought to develop a model of the metabolic syndrome specific to African American adolescents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examinati...

OBJECTIVE To examine parental stress in mothers of boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). METHOD Stress and its predictors were examined in mothers of boys with DMD (n = 112). Comparisons were made with mothers of healthy children (n = 800), children with cerebral palsy (CP; n = 28), siblings of boys with DMD (n = 46), and longitudinally (n = 16). RESULTS The presence of problem child...

BACKGROUND Different approaches to measuring physical activity and fatness in youth have resulted in studies reporting relationships ranging from very strong to nonexistent. METHODS The sample comprised 787 boys and 752 girls between the ages of 7 and 16 years. Pedometer-determined physical activity, height, weight, and waist girth measures were taken. RESULTS Significant differences were f...

OBJECTIVE To establish the psychosexual outcome of gender-dysphoric children at 16 years or older and to examine childhood characteristics related to psychosexual outcome. METHOD We studied 77 children who had been referred in childhood to our clinic because of gender dysphoria (59 boys, 18 girls; mean age 8.4 years, age range 5-12 years). In childhood, we measured the children's cross-gender...

OBJECTIVE We compared the frequency of usage and success of minimally invasive approaches in the management of pediatric urolithiasis in our clinic. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data from pediatric patients (≤16 years of age) who had undergone percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), ureterorenoscopy (URS), and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) between January 2001 and December 2011 were retros...