We construct a database linking European royal kinship networks, monarchies, and wars to study the effect of family ties on conflict. To establish causality, we exploit decreases in connection caused by apolitical deaths rulers’ mutual relatives. These are associated with substantial increases frequency duration war. provide evidence that these affect conflict only through changing network. Ove...

In a recent article, Arp et al. (Science 2020, 368, 1490–1495) propose new theory as to why plants are green: prioritize the management of light fluctuations over maximal efficiency. Beyond plant science, this conclusion may inspire our sustainability strategies, shift societal goals from performance resilience.

A substantial body of evidence indicates that pharmacological activation of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels (mKATP) in the heart is protective in conditions associated with ischemia/reperfusion injury. Several mechanisms have been postulated to be responsible for cardioprotection, including the modulation of mitochondrial respiratory function. The aim of the present study was to ...

The central proposition of balance-of-power theory (albeit one that has never been tested systematically) is that great powers balance against hegemonic threats. This article argues that this proposition applies to hegemonic concentrations of land-based military power in autonomous continental systems, but not necessarily to hegemonic concentrations of sea power in maritime systems. With a focu...

2014 The Lagrangian L03BC (r, 03B8) = 1/2(1 + 03BC)r2 + 1 2r203B82r(03BC cos 03B8) with 1 03BC ~ 3.1 is studied using a surface of section map. Regular and chaotic behaviour is exhibited. The numerical evidence suggests the motion is integrable for 03BC = 3. Integrability is proved by explicitly exhibiting a first integral. J. Physique 46 (1985) 1495-1500 SEPTEMBRE 1985, Classification Physics ...

The cytogenetic expression of the folate sensitive fragile site, FRAXE, is due to the expansion of a GCC repeat in proximal Xq28 of the human X chromosome and is associated with a mild form of mental handicap. Normal individuals have 6-35 copies of the repeat whereas cytogenetically positive, developmentally delayed males have > 200 copies and show methylation of the associated CpG island. Thro...

PURPOSE To investigate the genetic basis for autosomal recessive severe early-onset retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in a consanguineous Israeli Muslim Arab family. METHODS Haplotype analysis for all known genes underlying autosomal recessive RP was performed. Mutation screening of the underlying gene was done by direct sequencing. An in vitro splicing assay was used to evaluate the effect of the id...

An innovative software technology known as Bitcoin makes it easier for software to operate with some degree of financial autonomy. In a meaningful sense, it is now possible for software to conduct business on its own account, without using the traditional financial system as an intermediary and without a financial existence tied to an existing natural or legal person. This Essay explores this p...