Effect of nanosilver particles was studied on the hatchability of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) egg and survival of the produced larvae at about 12ºC. In the first experiment the water-based nanosilver particles was used at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mgL-1 for 30 minutes per day starting 24 hour post egg incubation until the hatching time. The mean percentage of hatchability reach...

Calendaricities, or the occurrence of weather anomalies on fixed calendar dates, are investigated for the Eastern Mediterranean (EM). The anomalies discussed here are the maxima and minima in the frequency of occurrence of the EM synoptic systems bearing rainfall. Those are mostly the Winter Lows passing over Cyprus en route eastward of the Ionian Sea where they are generated in situ or come to...

The rain regime of the Levant during the late Quaternary was controlled primarily by Mediterranean cyclonic systems associated with North Atlantic climate shifts. Lake levels in the Dead Sea basin have been robust recorders of the regional hydrology and generally indicate highstand (wet) conditions throughout glacial intervals and lowstands (dry) during interglacials. However, sporadic depositi...

Synoptic eddy–mean flow interaction has been recognized as one of the key sources for extratropical lowfrequency variability. In this paper, the underlying dynamics of this interaction are examined from the perspective of a synoptic eddy-induced dynamic instability. To delineate this instability, a barotropic model is used that is linearized with respect to a stochastic basic flow prescribed wi...

Rainfall behavior is a fundamental issue in areas with scarce and irregular amounts, such as the Spanish Mediterranean region. We identified 12 spatial patterns that characterized 899 torrential precipitation events (≥150 mm 24 h) occurred 3,537 rainy series period 1950–2020. Three of these components––eastern ESE––showed positive significant trends their accumulated volumes. then mean synoptic...

Abstract. The mistral is a northerly low-level jet blowing through the Rhône valley in southern France and down to Gulf of Lion. It co-located with cold sector lee cyclone Genoa, behind an upper-level trough north Alps. wind has long been associated extreme weather events Mediterranean, while extensive research focused on lower-tropospheric cyclogenesis, different upper-tropospheric large- syno...

Self-organizing maps (SOMs) are a relative newcomer to synoptic climatology; the method itself has only been utilized in the field for around a decade. In this article, we review the major developments and climatological applications of SOMs in the literature. The SOM can be used in synoptic climatological analysis in a manner similar tomostother clustering methods.However, as the results froma...

A study of severe hailstorm (with size ?3 cm) over Spain has been conducted using 8 years (2012–2019) data. The 73 events heavy hail selected were classified the moisture flux at 850 hPa pressure level (qv)850 and lifted index (LI) as variables a principal component analysis, coupled with K-means clustering, statistical technique. application this procedure provided four groups their respective...