There is an inherent link between theory and measurement suggesting that validation of measures should be the first stage of theory testing. The aim of the present study was to cross-validate the factorial validity of the Thought Occurrence Questionnaire for Sport for use among adolescent athletes. National standard young athletes (Individual N /204; Team N /360) completed the TOQS questionnair...

the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of the perception of the peer motivational climate, stress and the weekly training with burnout in junior elite athletes of kerman province. the statistical population consisted of 120 male elite athletes from kerman province from individual and team sports (table tennis, karate, taekwondo, badminton, cycling, handball, volleyball...

the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different sport fields, different training levels and their interactive effects on indicators of growth and sexual maturation of adolescent female athletes. the population consisted of all adolescent female athletes (aged 17-9) in gymnastics, volleyball and table tennis in arak city and the sample included 49 gymnasts, 82 volleyball players...

OBJECTIVE To compare bone mineral density (BMD), investigate factors associated with BMD, and examine the prevalence of low BMD in athletes and non-athletic controls. METHODS The study included a questionnaire (part I), measurement of BMD (part II), and a clinical interview (part III). All Norwegian female athletes on national teams (n = 938) and an aged matched random sample of non-athletic ...

BACKGROUND There are approximately 400,000 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) student athletes and 5-7 million high school student athletes competing each year. According to the US Department of Health and Human Services, the depression prevalence rate for young adults, which ranges from 10% to 85% across studies, is higher than that of other age groups. Given the relatively high p...

This study was aimed to identify the body dissatisfaction among female athletes and in nonfemale athletes. This present study also examined ideals body size, and media influence towards body dissatisfaction perception among female recreational athletes and nonathletes. Participants were 40 women age ranged between 21 and 30 years: 20 recreational athletes who regularly go to the gym, do running...