Introduction: It is known that acute and chronic stress induce hormonal and neuronal changes which affecting both pain threshold and nociceptive behaviours. Orexin plays an important role in modulation of pain and stress. Considering pain modulation during stress and the role of orexin in pain and stress, orexin might be involved in pain modulation during stress.We evaluated the involvement ...

Necroptosis, as a novel concept, has been recently introduced in scientific literature. Much of our knowledge about necroptosis comes from ligation of tumor necrosis factor-α to its receptor, TNF receptor 1. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1, receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 and its substrate, the pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein, have been comprehensively st...

Objective(s): The novel 1,5-diaryl-1,4-pentadien-3-one derivatives were studied for analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential to establish their role in pain, inflammatory disorders and cancer.Materials and Methods: Two 1,5- diaryl-1,4-pentadien-3-one derivatives: (1E,4E)- 5-(4-fluoro phenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)- 2-methylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one (A2K2A17) and  (1E,4E)-5-(4-nitrophenyl)-...

In the present study, the effects of different doses of nicotine on immobility time in mice were tested. Intraperitioneal administration of low doses of nicotine (0.025 mg/kg) decreased, but higher doses (0.8 and 1 mg/kg) increased immobility time. The anti-immobility response induced by low doses of nicotine was inhibited by high doses of the D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride, the central nicot...

we have reviewed the medical records of 40 patients with disseminated (bacille calmette-guerin) bcg from 1996 to 1999 in the immunology department of the children hospital, medical center, tehran university. these patients are divided in to 3 groups: 1. patients who had disseminated (bacille calmette-guerin) bcg after vaccination and their diagnosis was chronic granulomatous disease. 2. patient...

objective(s): we aimed to examine association of gene expression of mor1 and glun1 at mrna level in the lumbosacral cord and midbrain with morphine tolerance in male wistar rats. materials and methods: analgesic effects of morphine administrated intraperitoneally at doses of 0.1, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg were examined using a hot plate test in rats with and without a history of 15 days morphine (10 mg...