فرض کنیم ‎$g$‎ یک گروه متناهی و ‎$‎x‎subseteq‎‎ g$‎ باشد. گراف جابه جایی ‎$c(g,x)$‎ عبارت است از گرافی با مجموعه رئوس ‎$x$‎ به طوری که برای هر ‎$x,yin x$‎، ‎$xy$‎ یال است اگر و تنها اگر ‎$xy = yx$‎. این گراف به طرق گوناگون بررسی شده است. در این جا دو حالت ‎$c(g,g)$‎ و ‎$c(g,g setminus z(g))$‎ را در نظر می گیریم. هدف ما بررسی ساختار، ویژگی های متریک و خواص گروه خودریختی های این گراف هاست. عل...

in this thesis, first the notion of weak mutual associativity (w.m.a.) and the necessary and sufficient condition for a $(l,gamma)$-associated hypersemigroup $(h, ast)$ derived from some family of $lesssim$-preordered semigroups to be a hypergroup, are given. second, by proving the fact that the concrete categories, semihypergroups and hypergroups have not free objects we will introduce t...

saluk mount is selected for devonian biostratigraphy. this area located at southwest of bojnurd. in this study three sections are selected and two sections, chahar-borj and tabar sections with a thickness of 650 m, which consist mainly of calcareous sediments was studied in detailed but third section, qelli section, with a thickness of about 450m which consist mainly of sandstone and evaporates...

introduction acetic acid bacteria are large group of obligate aerobic gram negative bacteria with the ability to oxidize ethanol to acetic acid (1). they are widely distributed in natural habitats and classified in family acetobacteraceae. members of this family are useful in industrial production of vinegar(2). acetic acid bacteria (aab) can use substrates as glucose, ethanol, lactate or glyc...

فرض کنیم ‎$g$‎ یک گروه باشد و ‎$m$‎ و ‎$n$‎ زیرگروه های نرمالی از ‎$g$‎ باشند. در این صورت ‎$aut^{m}_{n}(g)$‎ را گروه همه خودریختی های ‎$g$‎ در نظر می گیریم که ‎$g/m$‎ و ‎$n$‎ را مرکزی می کنند. همچنین برای سادگی ‎$aut^{z(g)}_{z(g)}(g)$‎ را با ‎$c^{*}$‎ نمایش می دهیم. یکی از سوالات جالبی که در مورد خودریختی ها مطرح می شود یافتن شرط لازم و کافی برای گروه ‎$g$‎ است به طوری که زیرگروه...

fluorescence chemical sensors for the highly sensitive and selective determination of pb2+ , hg2+, co2+ and fe3+ ions in aqueous solutions are described. the ion sensing system was prepared by incorporating lipophilic ligand (l) as a neutral ion-selective fluoroionophore in the plasticized pvc membrane containing sodium tetraphenylborate or potasium tetrakis (p-chlorophenyl) borate as a liphoph...

126 abstract: in this research we studied the effects of cyclic hydration and dehydration of cysts of artemia urmiana and artemia parthenogenetica on the hatching percentage, survival and growth. the experiment was carried out in 3 treatments (1-3 hydration/dehydration cycles) with 3 replicates for each treatment. later effects of cold preservation at -20°c during three time periods were ...

regarding the ever evolving and improving world on different aspects of knowledge, the need to a worldwide communication would emerge stronger than ever before which calls for special attention on the judgments and best choices for intermediating between the nations. as the language skills for translation are tested separately from translation skills themselves, to assess translation skills pro...