© 2008 American Institute of Physics, S-0031-9228-0811-020-1 Radioactive nuclei with extreme neutron-to-proton ratios—rare isotopes—often decay within fractions of a second. Typically, they are not found on Earth unless produced at an accelerator. Yet nature produces copious amounts of them in supernovae and other stellar explosions in which the rare isotopes, despite their fleeting existence a...

Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on tissue proteins increases with pathogenesis of diabetic complications and atherosclerosis. Here we examined the effect of peroxynitrite (ONOO ) on the formation of N -(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), a major AGE-structure. When glycated human serum albumin (HSA; Amadori-modified protein) was incubated with ONOO , CML formation was detected b...

Purpose: The biological effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and whether IL-6 receptor (IL-6R)-mediated signaling can be a therapeutic target for OSCC are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inhibition of IL-6R–mediated signaling on OSCC progression and to evaluate the availability of tocilizumab, a humanized antihuman IL-6...

Malaria continues to be one of the greatest infectious disease problems in the world. Antimalarial drugs play an essential role in the treatment and control of malaria. For treatment, older drugs are limited by resistance, but artemisinin-based combination therapy remains highly effective in most areas. However, artemisinin resistance has emerged in southeast Asia, and resistance to artemisinin...

I am honored and thrilled to serve as the new Editorin-Chief of the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (AJTMH). I am also humbled because this will be a challenging task, and Jim Kazura left big shoes to fill. Jim’s skillful leadership of the Journal for the last 15 years has been an enormous service to the membership of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTM...

For many decades, the cornerstone of malaria management in Africa was to treat all febrile children with chloroquine. With high-level resistance to chloroquine and improvedmeans of malaria diagnosis, recommendations for themanagement of malaria in Africa have changed in two important ways in the last few years. First, recommended therapy for uncomplicated falciparum malaria has moved to highly ...

Outside of Africa, Plasmodium falciparum almost invariably coexists with P. vivax. The biology of these two parasites is notably different, rendering P. vivax more resilient to conventional malaria control measures. In coendemic areas, the successful reduction in the burden of P. falciparum often leaves P. vivax as the main cause of malaria, significantly undermining our aspirations for the eli...