Reverse-transcription PCR assays were used to measure levels of NMDA receptor (NR) subunit mRNAs encoding splice variants of NR1 (NR1a, -exon 5; NR1b, +exon 5) and the major NR2 subunits (NR2A, NR2B, and NR2C) in dissociated cerebellar granule cell cultures. Cultures chronically exposed to 25 mM KCl or 100 microM NMDA/15 mM KCl, which promote survival by stimulating Ca2+ influx through voltage-...

OBJECTIVE The interaction between MK-801, a model of psychosis and KCl-induced depolarization or electroconvulsive shock (ECS), a therapeutic model of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), was investigated in SH-SY5Y cells and the rat frontal cortex. METHODS SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with 1 microM MK-801 for 15 min, followed by cotreatment with 100 mM KCl for 5 min. MK-801 was reintroduced aft...

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to observe the effect of potassium chloride (KCl) on rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Hitomebore). The plants were grown up 14 days after treatments (DAT), with 0, 10, 20 and 30 mM KCl. It observed that seedlings highly sensitive KCl salinity, especially producing toxicity symptoms growth reduction. Iron concentration though increased significantly in shoot increa...

we investigated contraction to noradrenaline (na) and kc1 and sensitivity of na at the level of larger vessels (thoracic aorta and vena cava; left renal artery and left renal vein; lateral saphenous artery and lateral saphenous vein and finally central ear artery and marginal ear vein) in a model devised to mimic heart failure. the model presented here is the rabbit coronary ligation model in w...

To investigate the possibility of transmural recording of repolarization through the ventricular wall, KCl monophasic action potential (MAP) electrodes positioned along plunge needles were developed and tested. The MAP electrode consists of a silver wire surrounded by agarose gel containing KCl, which slowly eluted into the adjacent tissue to depolarize it. In six dogs, a plunge needle containi...

PURPOSE Membrane depolarization and subsequent synaptic release of l-glutamate have been implicated in ischemic retinal damage. However, the mechanisms that lead to ischemia-induced retinal damage are poorly understood. In this study, KCl, a classic membrane depolarizing agent, was injected into the vitreous humor, and the role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in KCl-induced retinal damage w...

We measured the concentration of calmodulin required to reverse inhibition by caldesmon of actin-activated myosin MgATPase activity, in a model smooth-muscle thin-filament system, reconstituted in vitro from purified vascular smooth-muscle actin, tropomyosin and caldesmon. At 37 degrees C in buffer containing 120 mM-KCl, 4 microM-Ca2+-calmodulin produced a half-maximal reversal of caldesmon inh...

Prunella vulgaris L. is an important medicinal plant with a variety of pharmacological activities, but limited information is available about its response to potassium chloride (KCl) supplementation. P. vulgaris seedlings were cultured in media with four different KCl levels (0, 1.00, 6.00 and 40.00 mM). Characteristics relating to the growth, foliar potassium, water and chlorophyll content, ph...

Black gram (Vigna mungo L.) is a popular pulse crop that seriously affected by drought stress. A study was conducted to explore the changes associated with carbohydrates, osmolytes and antioxidants tolerance in black exogenous application of Validamycin A, Pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophic bacteria (PPFM) Potassium chloride (KCl). The experiment had eight treatments: Control (C), (VM-A)...

Conductivity of molten alkali metal chlorides is the foundation molten-salt electrolysis process. In study, equilibrium molecular dynamics was performed to investigate ionic conductivities chloride binary systems. The calculated values were in good agreement with experimental results. Simple databases for conductivity have been built based on verified algorithm. Mathematic expressions vs. tempe...