in the present study, the effects of intra-hippocampal microinjections of morphine (an opioid agonist) and naloxone (an opioid antagonist) were investigated in the formalin-induced orofacial pain in rats. orofacial pain was induced by subcutaneous injection of formalin (1 %, 50 μl) in the upper lip region and the time spent of face rubbing was measured in 3-min blocks for 45 min. formalin induc...

I n t r o d u c t i o n The active residential broker has a significant information advantage over prospective home sellers. It is presumably due to this advantage that sellers find it advantageous to hire brokers. Most commonly, agents are compensated under a fixed-percentage commission arrangement. This contract has been shown to poorly align incentives and to distort risk sharing. We propose...

In immunoperoxidase preparations formalin pigment (acid formaldehyde haematein) may be difficult to distinguish from the brown staining of the 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) reaction product. The pigment, produced when formalin is in contact with blood rich tissues, takes the form of dark brown microcrystals that have the ability to rotate the plane of polarised light.' Even though formalin pigmen...

control of poultry feed microbial contamination could reduce carcass contamination at processing plants and resultin improvement of public health. in this study the effects of commercial blend of organic acids (salkil® and formycine®), formalin 37% and formaldehyde gas on morphology of intestinal mucosa and gut microflora in broilers were investigated. three hundreds 1-d-old chicks (ross 308) w...

Intraplantar formalin injection is widely used as an experimental model of tonic pain. We investigated the role of endogenous A-opioid receptor mechanisms in formalin-induced nocifensive behavior in mice. The flinching response induced by formalin (2%, 20 Al) was studied in mice with normal (wild type, n = 8) and absent (homozygous A-opioid receptor knockout, n = 8) A-opioid receptor levels. Th...

Background: Fixation of biopsy specimens is a critical step before processing and staining them for histological tissue examination. Formalin considered the gold standard fixative solution its attributes. However, it has concerning side effects, such as carcinogenic potential irritational properties. Owing to various harmful safer natural substitute should be explored. In this study, we compare...