Widespread overuse of the herbicide glyphosate, the active ingredient in RoundUp®, has led to the evolution of glyphosate-resistant weed biotypes, some of which persist by overproducing the herbicide's target enzyme, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). EPSPS is a key enzyme in the shikimic acid pathway for biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids, lignin, and defensive compounds, b...

Slow excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in enteric neurons arise from diverse sources, but which neurotransmitters mediate specific types of slow EPSPs is unclear. We investigated transmitters and receptors mediating slow EPSPs in myenteric neurons evoked by electrical stimulation of the mucosa in guinea pig small intestine. Segments of ileum or jejunum were dissected to allow access to...

Neocortical neurons spontaneously fire action potentials during active network states; how are dendritic synaptic inputs integrated into the ongoing action potential output pattern of neurons? Here, the efficacy of barrages of simulated EPSPs generated at known dendritic sites on the rate and pattern of ongoing action potential firing is determined using multisite whole-cell recording technique...

Long-term potentiation (LTP) of unitary EPSPs, generated by pairs of monosynaptically connected CA3 and CA1 pyramidal cells, was compared with LTP of extracellularly evoked, multi-unitary EPSPs in rat hippocampal slice cultures. LTP was induced by repeated, synchronous pairing of low-frequency presynaptic and postsynaptic activity. Three differences were observed. First, LTP of multi-unitary EP...

the engineering of transgenic canola (brassica napus l. ) to make tolerance to the broad-spectrum herbicide, glyphosate, is one of the most effective approaches for weed management. glyphosate inhibits the enzyme epsps (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) enzyme which functions in the shikimate pathway and has a key role in biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids required for survival of ...

Locomotor modulation of disynaptic EPSPs from the mesencephalic locomotor region in cat motoneurons. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 3284-3296, 1998. When low-frequency tetanization of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) produce fictive locomotion in unanesthetized, decerebrate cats, each MLR stimulus produces a distinctive cord dorsum potential (CDP) and oligosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potenti...

Interactions between nicotinic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) critically determine whether paravertebral sympathetic ganglia behave as simple synaptic relays or as integrative centers that amplify preganglionic activity. Synaptic connectivity in this system is characterized by an n + 1 pattern of convergence, where each ganglion cell receives one very strong primary input and a vari...

Long-term potentiation (LTP) was evaluated for small monosynaptic CA3-mediated EPSPs in CA1 neurons in the guinea pig hippocampal slice. Small EPSPs included those elicited by stimulation of Schaffer axon collaterals of several CA3 neurons (160-480 microV amplitude, n = 40 EPSPs in 40 neurons) and those elicited by stimulation of an individual CA3 neuron (89-563 microV amplitude, n = 14 EPSPs i...

EPSPs have been evoked in CA1 pyramidal cells by (1) activation of single CA3 neurons (unitary EPSPs), and (2) low-intensity stimuli to the CA1 stratum radiatum. Five unitary EPSPs were obtained; their mean peak amplitudes ranged from 85 to 275 microV and 3 of the 5 showed fluctuations in amplitude that were too great to be attributed to baseline noise. After subtraction of the variance due to ...