Introduction: Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) is the standard clinical intervention for the treatment of dehydration due to diarrhoea. It does not reduce the volume and frequency of duration of diarrhoea. This has prompted searching for improving ORS. One way of improving ORT may be delivering ORS in liposomes, to stimulate faster and more efficient absorption of water and electrolytes from smal...

Clinical trials suggest that including naturally occurring complex carbohydrate in oral rehydration solutions (ORS) in place of glucose increases water absorption and reduces stool volume during acute diarrhoea. The mechanisms for this greater clinical efficacy has not been established. This study examined the ability of two hypotonic rice based ORS, RS-ORS (137 mOsm/kg) and RP-ORS (143 mOsm/kg...

The oral rehydration therapy is the keystone of National Diarrhoeal Disease Control Programme. The packets of oral rehydration salts (ORS) are available at the Primary health centres as well as in chemist shops. There are depot holders of ORS packets in the community too. Most of the times the health care workers do not emphasise the role, benefits and method of preparation of ORS. As a result ...

Abst rac t This paper presents a unified approach to designing reduced-order observer-estimators. Specifically, we seek to design a reduced-order estimator satisfying an observation constraint which involves a pre-specified, possibly unstable, subspace of the system dynamics and which also yields reduced-order estimates of the remaining subspace. The results are obtained by merging the optimal ...

Bone is a fabric of organic material reinforced and stiffened by hydroxyapatite mineral crystals attached and interdigitated with proteins.1 When mineralized regions grow large enough, however, they could interfere with each other, conceivably in a manner analogous to rocks in a bag. At the 53rd Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, a presentation by K. Tai, working with F. Ulm and Chris...

BACKGROUND Reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution (ORS) improved small bowel absorption of fluid and electrolytes in segmental perfusion in experimental animals; this was borne out in clinical practice. Adding amylase-resistant starch (RS) to ORS is expected to increase colonic fluid absorption. This study used combined small and large bowel perfusion to evaluate combinations of reduced o...