The excitatory roles of EP3 receptors at the peripheral afferent nerve innervating the rat urinary bladder have been evaluated by using the selective EP3 antagonist (2E)-3-[1-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-5-fluoro-3-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl]-N-[(4,5-dichloro-2-thienyl)sulfonyl]-2-propenamide (DG-041). The bladder rhythmic contraction model and a bladder pain model measuring the visceromotor reflex (...

Noxious stimulation of spinal afferents inhibits primate spinothalamic tract (STT) neurons in segments distant from the region of afferent entry. Inhibitory effects of cardiopulmonary sympathetic afferent (CPSA) stimulation remain after C(1) transection but disappear with spinal transection between C(3) and C(7). We hypothesized that spinal inhibitory effects produced by CPSA stimulation are pr...

The INhibitor of Growth tumor suppressors (ING1-ING5) affect aging, apoptosis, DNA repair and tumorigenesis. Plant homeodomains (PHD) of ING proteins bind histones in a methylation-sensitive manner to regulate chromatin structure. ING1 and ING2 contain a polybasic region (PBR) adjacent to their PHDs that binds stress-inducible phosphatidylinositol monophosphate (PtIn-MP) signaling lipids to act...

this investigation presents the effect of various parameters on foam stability and its rheological properties. the underlying idea of this experiment is generating of drilling foam with uniform bubbles. the main problem of foam using is controlling its stability during field application. the most important parameters which cause instability in foam are gravity drainage, gas diffusion and bubble...

This study was made based on some discussions attempting to improve the quality of education by creating appropriate learning areas, differentiating according each student's interests, styles, and multiple intelligences. The aim is implementation analysis social studies lesson plans prepared in accordance with "UbD" ‘’IB Planner’’ for 3rd grade students. conducted using a nested-mixed design wi...