lack of infrastructure in ad hoc networks makes their deployment easier. Each node in an ad hoc network can route data using a routing protocol, which decreases the level of security. Ad hoc networks are exposed to several attacks such as the blackhole attack. In this article, a study has been made on the impact of the attack on the hybrid routing protocol ZRP (Zone Routing Protocol). In this a...

Several early transition metal dipnictides have been found to host topological semimetal states and exhibit large magnetoresistance. In this study, we use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) magneto-transport study the electronic properties of a new dipnictide ZrP$_2$. We find that ZrP$_2$ exhibits an extremely unsaturated magnetoresistance up 40,000 % at 2 K, which originates fro...

The method of zero range potential (ZRP) for one-electron problems is reviewed. In the absence of an external electromagnetic field, the notion of a ZRP is introduced from different points of view and for an arbitrary dimension of space. Then, three-dimensional problems of motion of an electron in the field of several ZRPs and laser radiation are studied. Exact wave functions for the processes ...

Ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming a temporary network without the aid of any established infrastructure or centralized administration. Routing protocols in mobile ad hoc network helps node to send and receive packets. In this paper our focus is to study Reactive (AODV), Pro active (OLSR), and Hybrid (ZRP) protocols based on random waypoint mobility mode...

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes that are arbitrarily located so that the interconnections between nodes are dynamically changing. In MANET mobile nodes forms a temporary network without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. Each node participating in the network acts both as host and a router and must therefore is willing to ...

So far, the best result in running time for solving the “floating” watchman route problem (WRP) is O(n log n); the best result in running time for solving the “fixed” safari route problem (SRP) is O(n log n) published in 2003 by M. Dror, A. Efrat, A. Lubiw, and J. Mitchell. The best result in running time for solving the “floating” zookeeper route problem (ZRP) is O(n) published in 2001 by X. T...

The Zone Routing Protocol is a protocol which employs both the activities of proactive and reactive protocols. It is mainly designed for Mobile Adhoc Networks. The transfer of data inside the routing zone is handled by proactive part of ZRP i.e IARP and outside the routing Zone is done by the reactive part i.e IERP. In this work, an analysis has been done by setting up two different simulation ...

Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that dynamically form a network temporarily without any support of central administration. Moreover, every node in MANET moves arbitrarily making the multi-hop network topology to change randomly at unpredictable times. There are several familiar routing protocols like DSDV, AODV, ZRP, etc... which have been proposed for prov...

Zirconium phosphate (ZrP) recently introduced in intumescent fire protective coating has shown improvement developing ceramic layer. The tubular halloysite clay (THC) due to its unique molecular structure can be combined with ZrP enhance resistance by a strong silica network on the char surface. This study is aimed investigate synergistic effects of and zirconium fillers improve thermal perform...

Abstract The function of a membrane in the fuel cell is critical to its success. major component direct methanol (DMFC) proton exchange (PEM) which must have conductivity, thermal stability, mechanical qualities, and low permeability. In this study case, film-forming structural properties Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) impelled us employ them for developing polyelectrolyte membranes (PEMs). To functi...