Relaxor-based ferroelectrics are prized for their giant electromechanical coupling and have revolutionized sensor and ultrasound applications. A long-standing challenge for piezoelectric materials has been to understand how these ultrahigh electromechanical responses occur when the polar atomic displacements underlying the response are partially broken into polar nanoregions (PNRs) in relaxor-b...

Little is known about the genes and enzymes involved in sulfur assimilation in Bacillus subtilis, or about the regulation of their expression or activity. To identify genes regulated by sulfur limitation, the authors used two- dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis to compare the proteome of a wild-type strain grown with either sulfate or glutathione as sole sulfur source. A total of 15 proteins ...

Since the 2004 FDA initiative the investigation and evaluation of in-situ process analytical methods (PAT) has been significantly intensified. In the class of PAT tools relevant for the monitoring of crystallization processes belong the spectroscopy based methods which monitor the liquid concentration; an exception is the FT-Raman spectroscopy which is also capable to deliver information relate...

If α is a probability on R and t > 0, the Dirichlet random probability Pt ∼ D(tα) is such that for any measurable partition (A0, . . . , Ak) of R d the random variable (Pt(A0), . . . , Pt(Ak)) is Dirichlet distributed with parameters (tα(A0), . . . , tα(Ak)). If ∫ Rd log(1 + ‖x‖)α(dx) < ∞ the random variable ∫ Rd xPt(dx) of R d does exist: let μ(tα) be its distribution. The Dirichlet curve asso...

Short-term adaptation to changing environments relies on regulatory elements translating shifting metabolite concentrations into a specifically optimized transcriptome. So far the focus of analyses has been divided between regulatory elements identified in vivo and kinetic studies of small molecules interacting with the regulatory elements in vitro. Here we describe how in vivo regulon kinetics...

Figures 2A, 3A, and 4A each included an incorrect label for the Cy5 dye (red). The correct versions appear here. Experimental Procedures accurately describes the Cy3/Cy5 labeling strategy in all three cases. The data and conclusions of the work remain unchanged.