Developing an awareness of the challenges entailed in the protection of Critical Infrastructures is an important first step. Before one can take effective measures to improve the protection of Critical Infrastructures, it is necessary to understand how these function and to identify and analyse the critical processes within the Critical Infrastructures. The ACIS methodology described in this pa...

Context. In X-ray observations, estimating the particle-induced background is important, especially for faint and/or diffuse sources. Although software exists to generate total (sky and detector) data suitable a given Chandra ACIS observation, no public model separately. Aims. We aimed understand spatial temporal variations of C h n d r obtained in two modes, VFAINT FAINT. Methods. Observations...

From the late 1970s into early 1990s, U.S. federal law mandated executive branch to prepare annual analytical documents known as Arms Control Impact Statements (ACIS). These instruments – obviously patterned after Environmental (EIS), which had been inaugurated only a few years previously were intended prod national security community undertake more rigorous, multi-dimensional study of major we...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to conduct a more comprehensive literature search and meta-analysis of original studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) versus cold-knife conization (CKC) in conservative surgical treatment of cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (ACIS) for women who have not completed childbearing. METH...

Nef polyhedra in d-dimensional space are the closure of half-spaces under boolean set operations. In consequence, they can represent non-manifold situations, open and closed sets, mixed-dimensional complexes, and they are closed under all boolean and topological operations, such as complement and boundary. They were introduced by W. Nef in his seminal 1978 book on polyhedra. The generality of N...

The exquisite angular resolution available with Chandra should allow precision measurements of faint diffuse emission surrounding bright sources, such as the X-ray scattering halos created by interstellar dust. However, the ACIS CCDs suffer from pileup when observing bright sources, and this creates difficulties when trying to extract the scattered halo near the source. The initial study of the...

We have been monitoring M31 with HRC and ACIS onboard Chandra regularly in the past two years. By combining eight Chandra ACIS-I observations taken between 1999 to 2001, we have identified 204 X-ray sources within the central ∼ 17 ′ ×17 ′ region of M31, with a detection limit of ∼ 1.6 × 10 35 erg s −1. Of these 204 sources, 21 are identified with globular clusters, 2 with supernova remnants (on...

CONTEXT For optimal clinical education of athletic training students, Clinical Instructor Educators and program directors need to proactively select, train, and evaluate their Approved Clinical Instructors (ACIs). OBJECTIVE To assess the relative importance and applicability of ACI standards to certified athletic trainers employed in different athletic training clinical education settings. ...