F1-ATPase (F1) is a reversible ATP-driven rotary motor protein. When its rotary shaft is reversely rotated, F1 produces ATP against the chemical potential of ATP hydrolysis, suggesting that F1 modulates the rate constants and equilibriums of catalytic reaction steps depending on the rotary angle of the shaft. Although the chemomechanical coupling scheme of F1 has been determined, it is unclear ...

This paper describes a mathematical model for a novel rotary pneumatic rotary actuator with potential applications in revolute direct robotic mechanisms. The analytical model describes the behaviour of the rotary pneumatic actuator and simulated results using this model are generated. Potential applications of this model are discussed in the context of soft model based controllers used in prost...

The skin is susceptible to different injuries and diseases. One major obstacle in skin tissue engineering is how to develop functional three-dimensional (3D) substitute for damaged skin. Previous studies have proved a 3D dynamic simulated microgravity (SMG) culture system as a "stimulatory" environment for the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. Here, we employed the NASA-approved ...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to assess the extent of adoption, application and the associated issues with the nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments and techniques amongst endodontists and general dentists in Tehran. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 33 questions classified in six categories of demographics, frequency rate of NiTi rotary instrumentation and information. The sample...

Watches bene�t from a long design history. Designers and engineers have successfully built devices using rotary physical inputs such as crowns, bezels, and wheels, separately or combined. Smart watch designers have explored the use of some of these inputs for interactions. However, a systematic exploration of their combinations has yet to be done. We investigate the design space of interactions...

The use of an ultrasonic apical preparation technique has been advocated recently. Root-end preparations in 30 extracted single-canaled human teeth were evaluated, comparing those prepared with ultrasonic instrumentation alone, or in combination with rotary bur preparation, to those prepared with rotary instrumentation alone. Specimens were evaluated for the presence of debris, smear layer, and...

In this study, a fully integrated and portable Rotary Genetic Analyzer has been developed to analyze the gene expression of influenza A v irus . The Rotary Genetic Analyzer is made up of four parts : a disposable microchip, three thermal blocks for temperature control, a servo-motor for precise and high-rate spinning of the chip, and a miniaturized optical fluorescence detector. The microdevice...

AIM To evaluate the efficacy of 0.5%, 2.5% and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as intracanal irrigants associated with hand and rotary instrumentation techniques against Enterococcus faecalis within root canals and dentinal tubules. METHODOLOGY A total of 180 extracted human premolar teeth were infected for 21 days with E. faecalis. The specimens were divided into 12 groups, as follows: gro...

INTRODUCTION High-accuracy rotary encoders are required for rotational axis position measurement in ultraprecision manufacturing and measurement equipments. A typical rotary encoder is made of a glass disk with a fine grating pattern and a scanning read head unit. Digital pulse trains are output from the read head to represent the disk rotary position. The angular measurement accuracy of such a...