The quality of a search engine is typically evaluated using hand-labeled data sets, where the labels indicate the relevance of documents to queries. Often the number of labels needed is too large to be created by the best annotators, and so less accurate labels (e.g. from crowdsourcing) must be used. This introduces errors in the labels, and thus errors in standard precision metrics (such as P@...

There are several proposals for extending Prolog with functional capabilities. The basic idea is to enlarge the language with function definitions that are translated (or expanded) into Prolog predicates, analogously to what is done for Definite Clause Grammars (DCG’s). It is easy to perform such a translation for a basic functional extension, but it requires an additional effort to incorporate...

This paper discusses the place of GTE as an approach for bridging the gap between CAL and ITS systems. It presents the DCG, our architecture for dynamic courseware generation which allows dynamic planning of the contents of an instructional course with a given goal. Finally a further development of DCG by combining it with GTE is described which includes explicit representation of generic teach...

We have developed a tool for the authoring of adaptive CAL courses, called “Dynamic Courseware Generator” (DCG). It generates an individual course according to the learner's goals and previous knowledge and dynamically adapts the course according to the learner's success in acquiring knowledge. The DCG runs on a WWW server. The learner receives from this server an individualized course targeted...