On-Off Keying (OOK) and Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) are the most commonly used modulation techniques in Free Space Optical (FSO) communications. In this paper, the performance of an FSO system with OOK and various PPM schemes has been analysed. The log-normal turbulence model for weak atmospheric turbulence and Avalanche Photo Diode (APD) receiver are considered for the system performance e...

Let X(t) , t >1 O, be a Polish space-valued r a n d o m process defined on a probabi l i ty space (~, ~ , P), where ~ is the P-comple t ion of a countab ly generated a-field ~ o . Let ~(t + ) (the ' l ook-ahead ' a-field at t) and r ) (the ' l ook-back ' a-field at t) denote the P-comple t ions of c~>,a(X(y), t <~ y <~ s) and c~s<ta(X(y), s ~< y ~< t) respectively. The aim of this note is to p ...

Pasiëntewaarneming is een van die belangrikste funksies van die neurochirurgiese verpleegkundige. Dit behels nie alleen akkurate neem en notering van waarnemings nie, maar ook die intelligente interpretering daarvan om sodoende enige verandering in die pasiënt se toestand te diagnoseer. Waarnemings in neurochirurgiese verpleging sluit beide neurologiese en algemene waarnemings in. Die belangrik...

A microring-based silicon modulator operating at 40 Gb/s near 1310 nm is demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge. NRZ-OOK signals at 40 Gb/s with 6.2 dB extinction ratio are observed by applying a 4.8 Vpp driving voltage and biasing the modulator at 7 dB insertion loss point. The energy efficiency is 115 fJ/bit. The transmission performance of 40 Gb/s NRZ-OOK through 40 km of standard ...

In this paper, the expressions of achievable strength-based suboptimum detection probabilities of concentration-encoded molecular communication (CEMC) system have been derived based on pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) on-off keying (OOK) modulation scheme. Results show that the detection performance of a PAM OOK CEMC system significantly depends on the statistical parameters of diffusion noise a...

Polarization-insensitive wavelength conversion, as well as the conversion of return-to-zero (RZ) ON-OFF keying (RZ-OOK) to RZ binary phase-shift keying (RZ-BPSK), has been simultaneously achieved at 40 Gb/s for the first time by cross-phase modulation (XPM) in a highly birefringent, nonlinear photonic crystal fiber (PCF). A 10-9-BER receiver sensitivity conversion penalty of < 3 dB was achieved...

A new multiplexing technique based on mapping method called Novel Mapping Multiplexing (NMM) is proposed and well demonstrated. It is reported that spectral width occupied by 40 Gb/s NMM is 40 GHz with spectral efficiency of 1bit/sec/Hz that shows a clear advantage over the conventional NRZ-OOK and RZ-OOK with same data rate of 40Gbits/sec having spectral efficiency of 0.5bit/sec/Hz and 0.25bit...